https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog daily 0.75 2026-04-03 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/09f4abdb-f9ff-4e1e-9070-b09c2458f94d/IMG_2498.jpg https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/devils-claw-for-back-pain monthly 0.5 2026-04-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/3ee2ebbf-b57a-4103-9bb9-18ba652654ef/IMG_0103.png Blog - Devil’s Claw for Back Pain - A 2001 study found that an extract from Devil’s claw root significantly improved moderate muscular back pain compared to placebo over 4 weeks. Other studies have shown that Devil’s claw root significantly reduced pain associated with knee and hip osteoarthritis similar to a medicine diacerhein. Devil’s claw root may cause digestive tract ulcers or have other side effects. Göbel H, Heinze A, Ingwersen M, Niederberger U, Gerber D. Harpagophytum-Extrakt LI 174 (Teufelskralle) bei der Behandlung unspezifischer Rückenschmerzen - Effekte auf die sensible, motorische und vaskuläre Muskelreagibilität [Effects of Harpagophytum procumbens LI 174 (devil's claw) on sensory, motor und vascular muscle reagibility in the treatment of unspecific back pain]. Schmerz. 2001 Feb;15(1):10-8. German. doi: 10.1007/s004820170043. PMID: 11810324. Chrubasik S, Junck H, Breitschwerdt H, Conradt C, Zappe H. Effectiveness of Harpagophytum extract WS 1531 in the treatment of exacerbation of low back pain: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 1999 Feb;16(2):118-29. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2346.1999.00435.x. PMID: 10101629. Leblan D, Chantre P, Fournié B. Harpagophytum procumbens in the treatment of knee and hip osteoarthritis. Four-month results of a prospective, multicenter, double-blind trial versus diacerhein. Joint Bone Spine. 2000;67(5):462-7. PMID: 11143915. Chantre P, Cappelaere A, Leblan D, Guedon D, Vandermander J, Fournie B. Efficacy and tolerance of Harpagophytum procumbens versus diacerhein in treatment of osteoarthritis. Phytomedicine. 2000 Jun;7(3):177-83. doi: 10.1016/S0944-7113(00)80001-X. PMID: 11185727. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/couch-grass-for-kidney-stones monthly 0.5 2026-04-03 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1775224154666-2BL0GVMLS4JPDEKT7NGZ/unsplash-image-mmjHf1ogVDU.jpg Blog - Couch Grass for Kidney Stones - A 2012 study found that 100mg of couch grass (Agropyrum repens) plus potassium citrate (24mEq) 2x daily was significantly more effective than potassium citrate (20mEq) 3x daily alone at reducing the number and size of kidney stones over 5 months in people with kidney stones who were candidates for potassium citrate therapy. Couch grass also significantly reduced urinary uric acid excretion. Treatment groups were not blinded in this trial. Couch grass is thought to be a mild diuretic and have anti-inflammatory properties. Some people may be allergic to couch grass or have other side effects. Brardi S, Imperiali P, Cevenini G, Verdacchi T, Ponchietti R. Effects of the association of potassium citrate and agropyrum repens in renal stone treatment: results of a prospective randomized comparison with potassium citrate. Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2012 Jun;84(2):61-7. PMID: 22908773. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/topical-marshmallow-for-candida monthly 0.5 2026-04-02 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1775093693197-LWI0Q053SCPE7E5L63XN/unsplash-image-NJH4Rr_5z3g.jpg Blog - Topical Marshmallow for Candida - A 2023 study found that topical clotrimazole (an anti-fungal) plus an extract from marshmallow flowers was significantly more effective than topical clotrimazole alone at improving symptoms of vulvovaginal candidiasis after 7 days of treatment. Marshmallow is thought to have anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory effects. Topical marshmallow may cause skin irritation or other side effects. Amini F, Namjooyan F, Zomorodian K, Zareshahrabadi Z, Shojaei K, Jaladat AM, Hashempur MH. The efficacy of complementary treatment with marshmallow (Althaea officinalis L.) on vulvovaginal candidiasis: A randomized double-blinded controlled clinical trial. Explore (NY). 2023 Nov-Dec;19(6):813-819. doi: 10.1016/j.explore.2023.04.005. Epub 2023 Apr 17. PMID: 37121836. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/topical-comfrey-for-muscle-amp-joint-pains monthly 0.5 2026-04-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1775004004375-Y4M3ER15W2HI1Y4ZKE3L/unsplash-image-uC0Kka45QtU.jpg Blog - Topical Comfrey for Muscle & Joint Pains - A 2006 study found that topical comfrey root extract applied 3x daily was significantly more effective than placebo at improving pain and symptoms of knee osteoarthritis over 3 weeks. Studies have found that topical comfrey root extract may even be superior to topical diclofenac (Voltaren gel) for pain relief associated with ankle sprains. Another study found that topical comfrey was also effective for relieving acute back pain. Topical comfrey may cause skin irritation or other side effects. Grube B, Grünwald J, Krug L, Staiger C. Efficacy of a comfrey root (Symphyti offic. radix) extract ointment in the treatment of patients with painful osteoarthritis of the knee: results of a double-blind, randomised, bicenter, placebo-controlled trial. Phytomedicine. 2007 Jan;14(1):2-10. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2006.11.006. Epub 2006 Dec 13. PMID: 17169543. Predel HG, Giannetti B, Koll R, Bulitta M, Staiger C. Efficacy of a comfrey root extract ointment in comparison to a diclofenac gel in the treatment of ankle distortions: results of an observer-blind, randomized, multicenter study. Phytomedicine. 2005 Nov;12(10):707-14. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2005.06.001. PMID: 16323288. D'Anchise R, Bulitta M, Giannetti B. Comfrey extract ointment in comparison to diclofenac gel in the treatment of acute unilateral ankle sprains (distortions). Arzneimittelforschung. 2007;57(11):712-6. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1296672. PMID: 18193693. Giannetti BM, Staiger C, Bulitta M, Predel HG. Efficacy and safety of comfrey root extract ointment in the treatment of acute upper or lower back pain: results of a double-blind, randomised, placebo controlled, multicentre trial. Br J Sports Med. 2010 Jul;44(9):637-41. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2009.058677. Epub 2009 May 21. PMID: 19460762. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/celandine-for-biliary-dyskinesia monthly 0.5 2026-03-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1774795844339-XGOFC2M4AIJT7KKBBXFA/unsplash-image-3NNlBcTAT-M.jpg Blog - Celandine for Biliary Dyskinesia - A 1999 study found that an extract of greater celandine and turmeric root significantly improved right upper quadrant abdominal pain due to biliary dyskinesia compared to placebo over 3 weeks. Biliary dyskinesia is abnormal contraction of the gallbladder or biliary tract. Greater celandine may cause digestive or other side effects. Rarely greater celandine may cause liver injury, which could be serious. Niederau C, Göpfert E. Die Wirkung von Schöllkraut- und Curcumawurzelstock-Extrakt auf Oberbauchbeschwerden infolge funktioneller Störungen des ableitenden Gallensystems. Ergebnisse einer plazebokontrollierten Doppelblindstudie [The effect of chelidonium- and turmeric root extract on upper abdominal pain due to functional disorders of the biliary system. Results from a placebo-controlled double-blind study]. Med Klin (Munich). 1999 Aug 15;94(8):425-30. German. doi: 10.1007/BF03044726. PMID: 10495621. LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012-. Greater Celandine. [Updated 2022 May 24]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548684/ https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/perilla-for-memory monthly 0.5 2026-03-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1774795008679-1J6KYHFDWM5IN8KWQM2H/unsplash-image-wl223EzMUfQ.jpg Blog - Perilla for Memory - A 2026 study found that a 500mg extract of perilla leaves daily significantly improved memory compared to placebo over 12 weeks. Another study in 2023 showed perilla seed oil may inhibit bone resorption and improve bone density. In high doses, perilla may cause nausea, headaches or other side effects. Baek HI, Joo JC, Kim SK, Park MH, Cho GH, Shen L, Park SJ. Efficacy and Safety of Standardized Ethanol Extract of Purple Perilla (Perilla frutescens Britton var. acuta Kudo) Leaves in Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients. 2026 Mar 18;18(6):960. doi: 10.3390/nu18060960. PMID: 41901135. Matsuzaki K, Hossain S, Wakatsuki H, Tanabe Y, Ohno M, Kato S, Shido O, Hashimoto M. Perilla seed oil improves bone health by inhibiting bone resorption in healthy Japanese adults: A 12-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Phytother Res. 2023 Jun;37(6):2230-2241. doi: 10.1002/ptr.7728. Epub 2023 Jan 13. PMID: 36637040. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/butchers-broom-for-chronic-venous-insufficiency monthly 0.5 2026-03-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1774709366339-M9JEWXPQYZAZ1CLF0ZYA/unsplash-image-lEAf-E_7jrc.jpg Blog - Butcher’s Broom for Chronic Venous Insufficiency - A 2002 study found that Butcher’s broom (Ruscus aculeatus) significantly improved chronic venous insufficiency in women compared to placebo over 12 weeks. Improvement was determined by measured leg volume. Symptoms such as leg heaviness also significantly improved with Butcher’s broom. Butcher’s broom may cause gastrointestinal or other side effects. Vanscheidt W, Jost V, Wolna P, Lücker PW, Müller A, Theurer C, Patz B, Grützner KI. Efficacy and safety of a Butcher's broom preparation (Ruscus aculeatus L. extract) compared to placebo in patients suffering from chronic venous insufficiency. Arzneimittelforschung. 2002;52(4):243-50. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1299887. PMID: 12040966. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/agrimony-for-liver-health monthly 0.5 2026-03-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1774707953211-C5N6KWCIZ6IPEDJ86PKO/unsplash-image-bRRm8Q1tT6g.jpg Blog - Agrimony for Liver Health - A 2017 study found that 80mg of the aerial parts of Agrimony (Agrimonia eupatoria) twice daily significantly improved elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) enzyme levels compared to placebo over 8 weeks (mean 68 to 52 in agrimony group vs 68 to 70 in placebo). Agrimony also significantly improved aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and triglyceride levels. Agrimony has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Agrimony may cause digestive or other side effects. Cho YM, Kwon JE, Lee M, Lea Y, Jeon DY, Kim HJ, Kang SC. Agrimonia eupatoria L. (Agrimony) Extract Alters Liver Health in Subjects with Elevated Alanine Transaminase Levels: A Controlled, Randomized, and Double-Blind Trial. J Med Food. 2018 Mar;21(3):282-288. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4054. Epub 2018 Feb 27. PMID: 29486131. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/anise-for-irritable-bowel-syndrome monthly 0.5 2026-03-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1774558150611-F4IE3OBUUZ4RMPN0DTTM/unsplash-image-x3mSBMCMkBo.jpg Blog - Anise for Irritable Bowel Syndrome - A 2016 study found that anise oil significantly improved symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) compared to placebo or peppermint oil over 4 weeks. Symptoms of IBS included abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation severity, gastroesophageal reflux, headache and quality of life. Anise may also help treat depression associated with IBS. Anise is an approved herb by the German Commission E. Some people may experience digestive or other side effects. Mosaffa-Jahromi M, Lankarani KB, Pasalar M, Afsharypuor S, Tamaddon AM. Efficacy and safety of enteric coated capsules of anise oil to treat irritable bowel syndrome. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016 Dec 24;194:937-946. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.083. Epub 2016 Nov 1. PMID: 27815079. Mosaffa-Jahromi M, Tamaddon AM, Afsharypuor S, Salehi A, Seradj SH, Pasalar M, Jafari P, Lankarani KB. Effectiveness of Anise Oil for Treatment of Mild to Moderate Depression in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized Active and Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2017 Jan;22(1):41-46. doi: 10.1177/2156587216628374. Epub 2016 Feb 11. PMID: 26873392; PMCID: PMC5871202. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/bacopa-for-memory monthly 0.5 2026-03-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1774407415986-5S3NUN7G39SN2WM7865R/unsplash-image-XSavXsLC2kU.jpg Blog - Bacopa for Memory - A 2008 study found that 300mg of Bacopa daily significantly improved memory compared to placebo over 12 weeks in people 65 years old or older. Similar trials have shown memory improvements in younger people as well. Bacopa extracts have been found to reduce β-amyloid levels (present in Alzheimer's disease) in the brain of mice. Bacopa may cause gastrointestinal or other side effects. Calabrese C, Gregory WL, Leo M, Kraemer D, Bone K, Oken B. Effects of a standardized Bacopa monnieri extract on cognitive performance, anxiety, and depression in the elderly: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Altern Complement Med. 2008 Jul;14(6):707-13. doi: 10.1089/acm.2008.0018. PMID: 18611150; PMCID: PMC3153866. Stough C, Lloyd J, Clarke J, Downey LA, Hutchison CW, Rodgers T, Nathan PJ. The chronic effects of an extract of Bacopa monniera (Brahmi) on cognitive function in healthy human subjects. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2001 Aug;156(4):481-4. doi: 10.1007/s002130100815. Erratum in: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2015 Jul;232(13):2427. Dosage error in article text. PMID: 11498727. Raghav S, Singh H, Dalal PK, Srivastava JS, Asthana OP. Randomized controlled trial of standardized Bacopa monniera extract in age-associated memory impairment. Indian J Psychiatry. 2006 Oct;48(4):238-42. doi: 10.4103/0019-5545.31555. PMID: 20703343; PMCID: PMC2915594. Roodenrys S, Booth D, Bulzomi S, Phipps A, Micallef C, Smoker J. Chronic effects of Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) on human memory. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2002 Aug;27(2):279-81. doi: 10.1016/S0893-133X(01)00419-5. PMID: 12093601. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/curcumin-for-knee-osteoarthritis monthly 0.5 2026-03-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1774407211387-NU9ZCP46S3JVODWNOINF/unsplash-image-UnlRBX0cst4.jpg Blog - Curcumin for Knee Osteoarthritis - A 2019 study found that an 80mg extract of curcumin twice daily significantly improved symptoms of knee osteoarthritis similar to Ibuprofen 400mg once daily over 90 days in people ages 40-65 years old. Curcumin is a major component of turmeric and gives it a distinct yellow color. Curcumin can cause gastrointestinal or other side effects. Gupte PA, Giramkar SA, Harke SM, Kulkarni SK, Deshmukh AP, Hingorani LL, Mahajan MP, Bhalerao SS. Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of Capsule Longvida® Optimized Curcumin (solid lipid curcumin particles) in knee osteoarthritis: a pilot clinical study. J Inflamm Res. 2019 Jun 5;12:145-152. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S205390. PMID: 31239749; PMCID: PMC6559772. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/olive-leaf-for-osteoarthritis monthly 0.5 2026-03-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1774319375468-Y9BTZCLF57VSKODL1QWP/unsplash-image-RuqOeMvPlzQ.jpg Blog - Olive Leaf for Osteoarthritis - A 2025 study found that olive leaf extract, both topically and orally, was significantly more effective than control at improving symptoms of knee osteoarthritis in people aged 60-80 years old over 8 weeks. In particular, the compound Oleocanthal is thought to have anti-inflammatory effects similar to Ibuprofen, working through the inhibition of Cyclooxygenase enzymes. Olive leaf may cause digestive or other side effects. Roshani M, Delfan B, Yarahmadi S, Saki M, Birjandi M. Impact of olive leaf extract on pain management and functional improvement in elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial. Explore (NY). 2025 Mar-Apr;21(2):103136. doi: 10.1016/j.explore.2025.103136. Epub 2025 Feb 5. PMID: 39955806. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/sea-buckthorn-for-constipation monthly 0.5 2026-03-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1774028261030-PLZYW0IIJ2M56RMTFQBN/unsplash-image-5Hk-Hgwn2_4.jpg Blog - Sea Buckthorn for Constipation - A 2026 study found that a 500mg extract of sea buckthorn significantly improved chronic idiopathic constipation compared to placebo over 28 days. Mean change in spontaneous complete bowel movements improved from 1.5 to 2.6 per week. There were also significant improvements in stool consistency, bloating and abdominal pain. Some people may be allergic to sea buckthorn. Sea buckthorn may cause digestive or other side effects. Morone MV, Spadarella G, Di Minno A, Cordara M, Cerqua A, De Lellis LF, Buccato DG, Baldi A, Piccinocchi R, Ullah H, Piccinocchi G, Xiao X, Sacchi R, Daglia M. Hippophae rhamnoides L. Fruit Extract Relieves Chronic Idiopathic Constipation and Improves Bowel Function: A Monocentric, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Trial. Nutrients. 2026 Feb 28;18(5):806. doi: 10.3390/nu18050806. PMID: 41829976; PMCID: PMC12987243. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/caraway-for-weight-loss-in-women monthly 0.5 2026-03-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1774023306932-SPXE9JWU1TYCE9P9QQ6C/unsplash-image-eGWEnG-v0nA.jpg Blog - Caraway for Weight Loss in Women - A 2013 study found that 30ml per day of caraway extract significantly reduced weight (mean 76.86kg to 75.0kg vs mean 71.96kg to 72.77kg) in overweight and obese women compared to placebo over 90 days. Caraway is thought to enhance the breakdown of fat cells and improve the gut microflora. Caraway may cause digestive or other side effects. Kazemipoor M, Radzi CW, Hajifaraji M, Haerian BS, Mosaddegh MH, Cordell GA. Antiobesity effect of caraway extract on overweight and obese women: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:928582. doi: 10.1155/2013/928582. Epub 2013 Nov 10. PMID: 24319489; PMCID: PMC3844184. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/fennel-seed-for-infantile-colic monthly 0.5 2026-03-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1774022478536-QZE7HURT0MWUKO1RMZNU/unsplash-image-aXN6AOiwjtA.jpg Blog - Fennel Seed for Infantile Colic - A 2003 study found that fennel seed oil significantly improved infantile colic compared to placebo. Fennel seed oil eliminated colic in 65% of infants compared to 23.7% of infants in the placebo group. Fennel seed oil is thought to reduce intestinal spasms and increase motility of the small intestine. Fennel seed may cause digestive or other side effects. Alexandrovich I, Rakovitskaya O, Kolmo E, Sidorova T, Shushunov S. The effect of fennel (Foeniculum Vulgare) seed oil emulsion in infantile colic: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2003 Jul-Aug;9(4):58-61. PMID: 12868253. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/andrographis-for-ulcerative-colitis monthly 0.5 2026-03-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/faed146e-ff8e-4c7d-9b21-3a014f953c73/IMG_0086.png Blog - Andrographis for Ulcerative Colitis - A 2013 study found that 1800mg daily of andrographis paniculata significantly improved symptoms of ulcerative colitis (60% vs 40%) compared to placebo over 8 weeks. Another study found similar clinical remission and response after 8 weeks with 1200mg daily of andrographis paniculata compared to 4500mg daily of mesalamine. Andrographis paniculata is thought to have anti-inflammatory effects. Andrographis paniculata may cause digestive or other side effects. Tang T, Targan SR, Li ZS, Xu C, Byers VS, Sandborn WJ. Randomised clinical trial: herbal extract HMPL-004 in active ulcerative colitis - a double-blind comparison with sustained release mesalazine. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Jan;33(2):194-202. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04515.x. Epub 2010 Nov 30. PMID: 21114791. Sandborn WJ, Targan SR, Byers VS, Rutty DA, Mu H, Zhang X, Tang T. Andrographis paniculata extract (HMPL-004) for active ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013 Jan;108(1):90-8. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2012.340. Epub 2012 Oct 9. PMID: 23044768; PMCID: PMC3538174. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/spearmint-for-polycystic-ovarian-syndrome monthly 0.5 2026-03-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1773862201780-131R0OPWU750VDH70YZP/unsplash-image-WugkvYxkM2s.jpg Blog - Spearmint for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome - Recent studies have found that spearmint tea significantly decreased free testosterone and increased luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol in women with hirsutism compared to placebo. The longest duration trial was 30 days. Spearmint may cause acid reflux or other side effects. Akdoğan M, Tamer MN, Cüre E, Cüre MC, Köroğlu BK, Delibaş N. Effect of spearmint (Mentha spicata Labiatae) teas on androgen levels in women with hirsutism. Phytother Res. 2007 May;21(5):444-7. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2074. PMID: 17310494. Grant P. Spearmint herbal tea has significant anti-androgen effects in polycystic ovarian syndrome. A randomized controlled trial. Phytother Res. 2010 Feb;24(2):186-8. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2900. PMID: 19585478. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/bergamot-for-high-cholesterol monthly 0.5 2026-03-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1773684630603-FQDTTGANNAPNWQEFJVOH/unsplash-image-1ZHOvZAoIDs.jpg Blog - Bergamot for High Cholesterol - A 2023 study found that 700mg of bergamot extract daily significantly improved total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), triglycerides, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) compared to placebo over 12 weeks. Another study found that 500mg of bergamot extract significantly reduced visceral fat compared to placebo over 12 weeks. There are no significant studies assessing heart attack risk, stroke risk or mortality with bergamot. Bergamot is thought to activate AMP kinase and inhibit HMG‐CoA reductase (similar to statin medications). Bergamot may cause digestive or other side effects. Fogacci F, Giovannini M, Imbalzano E, Grandi E, Rizzoli E, D'Addato S, Cicero AFG. Metabolic and vascular effect of a new standardized bergamot phytocomplex: a three-arm, placebocontrolled, double-blind clinical trial. Arch Med Sci. 2023 May 4;19(5):1228-1235. doi: 10.5114/aoms/163368. PMID: 37732063; PMCID: PMC10507770. Rondanelli M, Peroni G, Riva A, Petrangolini G, Allegrini P, Fazia T, Bernardinelli L, Naso M, Faliva MA, Tartara A, Gasparri C, Infantino V, Perna S. Bergamot phytosome improved visceral fat and plasma lipid profiles in overweight and obese class I subject with mild hypercholesterolemia: A randomized placebo controlled trial. Phytother Res. 2021 Apr;35(4):2045-2056. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6950. Epub 2020 Nov 13. PMID: 33188552; PMCID: PMC8246838. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/rikkunshito-for-functional-dyspepsia monthly 0.5 2026-03-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1773683357511-I7ZBNVXZPJQRMPAU0K2Z/unsplash-image-WO3Y6oTjKMI.jpg Blog - Rikkunshito for Functional Dyspepsia - A 2018 study found that a traditional Japanese herbal medicine called rikkunshito significantly improved functional dyspepsia compared to placebo over 8 weeks. Rikkunshito is comprised of eight herbal medicines including Atractylodes lancea rhizome, Ginseng, Pinellia tuber, Poria sclerotium, Jujube, Citrus unshiu peel, Glycyrrhiza, and Ginger. Functional dyspepsia includes bloating and feeling full early on in a meal. These herbs are thought to relax the stomach muscles and enhance ghrelin secretion (increase appetite). These herbs may interact with medications and could cause digestive or other side effects. Tominaga K, Sakata Y, Kusunoki H, Odaka T, Sakurai K, Kawamura O, Nagahara A, Takeuchi T, Fujikawa Y, Oshima T, Kato M, Furuta T, Murakami K, Chiba T, Miwa H, Kinoshita Y, Higuchi K, Kusano M, Iwakiri R, Fujimoto K, Tack JF, Arakawa T. Rikkunshito simultaneously improves dyspepsia correlated with anxiety in patients with functional dyspepsia: A randomized clinical trial (the DREAM study). Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2018 Jul;30(7):e13319. doi: 10.1111/nmo.13319. Epub 2018 Mar 2. PMID: 29498457. Inokuchi K, Masaoka T, Kanai T. Rikkunshito as a Therapeautic Agent for Functional Dyspepsia and its Prokinetic and Non-Prokinetic Effects. Front Pharmacol. 2021 Jun 8;12:640576. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.640576. PMID: 34168558; PMCID: PMC8217963. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/saffron-for-depression-in-women monthly 0.5 2026-03-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1773239232969-TI9Q9G2W64IG3581MXVS/unsplash-image-8ojQUrhWdT8.jpg Blog - Saffron for Depression in Women - A 2020 study found that 15mg of saffron twice daily significantly improved symptoms of mild to moderate depression in women compared to placebo over 12 weeks. Saffron has been found to inhibit the reuptake of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. Saffron may also increase glutamate levels. High doses of saffron may cause headaches, nausea or other side effects. Akhondzadeh S, Mostafavi SA, Keshavarz SA, Mohammadi MR, Hosseini S, Eshraghian MR. A placebo controlled randomized clinical trial of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) on depression and food craving among overweight women with mild to moderate depression. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2020 Feb;45(1):134-143. doi: 10.1111/jcpt.13040. Epub 2019 Oct 10. PMID: 31602695. Dormal V, Suchareau M, Copine S, Simar L, Deldicque L. The Effects of Combined Scutellaria and Saffron Supplementation on Mood Regulation in Participants with Mild-to-Moderate Depressive Symptoms: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients. 2025 Feb 26;17(5):809. doi: 10.3390/nu17050809. PMID: 40077679; PMCID: PMC11901551. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/ginger-for-nausea-in-pregnancy monthly 0.5 2026-03-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1773238766241-SU4EY1AILGTEARAIVT5L/unsplash-image-9IXboIzoU4w.jpg Blog - Ginger for Nausea & Vomiting in Pregnancy - A 2004 study found that 1.05g of ginger daily was equivalent to 75mg of vitamin B6 for reducing nausea and vomiting in the first trimester of pregnancy. The study lasted for 3 weeks. Ginger is thought to affect serotonin receptors related to nausea and vomiting. Ginger may cause digestive or other side effects. Smith C, Crowther C, Willson K, Hotham N, McMillian V. A randomized controlled trial of ginger to treat nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Apr;103(4):639-45. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000118307.19798.ec. PMID: 15051552. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/black-cohosh-for-menopause monthly 0.5 2026-03-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1773181234820-FR5J1KC4APXTMHP26YKT/unsplash-image-s_DwkuMRXAc.jpg Blog - Black Cohosh for Menopause - A 2005 study found that a 40mg extract of black cohosh daily significantly improved menopausal symptoms, especially hot flashes, compared to placebo over 12 weeks. Women closer to onset of menopause had more benefit than those in a later phase. Black cohosh may act as a selective estrogen receptor modulator and may affect serotonin. Black cohosh may cause digestive or other side effects. Osmers R, Friede M, Liske E, Schnitker J, Freudenstein J, Henneicke-von Zepelin HH. Efficacy and safety of isopropanolic black cohosh extract for climacteric symptoms. Obstet Gynecol. 2005 May;105(5 Pt 1):1074-83. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000158865.98070.89. Erratum in: Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Sep;106(3):644. PMID: 15863547. Wobser RW, Takov V. Black Cohosh. [Updated 2023 May 21]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470187/ https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/st-johns-wort-for-depression monthly 0.5 2026-03-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1773180169685-9YRR16Z628DFM5FO2SQD/unsplash-image-V86F3bRRwIs.jpg Blog - St. John’s Wort for Depression - A 2008 study found that a standardized extract of 300mg of St. John’s wort three times daily significantly improved symptoms of depression and helped reduce relapse of a depressive episode compared to placebo over 26 weeks. St. John's Wort is a reuptake inhibitor of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. St. John’s wort can interact with many medications. St. John’s wort may cause increased sensitivity to sunlight, digestive or other side effects. Kasper S, Volz HP, Möller HJ, Dienel A, Kieser M. Continuation and long-term maintenance treatment with Hypericum extract WS 5570 after recovery from an acute episode of moderate depression--a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled long-term trial. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2008 Nov;18(11):803-13. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2008.06.006. Epub 2008 Aug 9. PMID: 18694635. Peterson B, Nguyen H. St. John's Wort. [Updated 2023 May 16]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557465/ https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/milk-thistle-for-liver-disease monthly 0.5 2026-03-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1773179146746-HMNM9N2TQJB71ELJ8B2G/unsplash-image-jSMIKN1YDPs.jpg Blog - Milk Thistle for Liver Disease - A 1989 study found that 140mg of silymarin, the active compound in milk thistle, three times daily significantly improved survival in people with liver disease (cirrhosis) compared to placebo over a 2 year treatment period. Participants were observed for a mean of 41 months. The trial included a mix of people with alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver disease. No side effects were observed but silymarin or milk thistle may cause digestive or other side effects. Ferenci P, Dragosics B, Dittrich H, Frank H, Benda L, Lochs H, Meryn S, Base W, Schneider B. Randomized controlled trial of silymarin treatment in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. J Hepatol. 1989 Jul;9(1):105-13. doi: 10.1016/0168-8278(89)90083-4. PMID: 2671116. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/peppermint-for-irritable-bowel-syndrome monthly 0.5 2026-03-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1773146194844-KR6ZFJRJEVVPTY6IWNSO/unsplash-image-VDR-uVIHP_8.jpg Blog - Peppermint for Irritable Bowel Syndrome - A 2015 study found that 180mg of peppermint oil three times daily significantly improved symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome compared to placebo over 4 weeks. Peppermint has been shown to inhibit smooth muscle (intestinal) contractions. Peppermint is also anti-inflammatory and helps reduce bloating. Peppermint may cause acid reflux or other side effects. Cash BD, Epstein MS, Shah SM. A Novel Delivery System of Peppermint Oil Is an Effective Therapy for Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptoms. Dig Dis Sci. 2016 Feb;61(2):560-71. doi: 10.1007/s10620-015-3858-7. Epub 2015 Aug 29. PMID: 26319955; PMCID: PMC4729798. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/mace-spice-for-urinary-incontinence monthly 0.5 2026-03-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1773069333389-YWZDAA8Q12HPVPRZOCJL/unsplash-image-zQ1FERRiUX8.jpg Blog - Mace Spice for Urinary Incontinence - A 2018 study found that 1.5g of mace, a spice made from the arils of the same plant as nutmeg, twice daily significantly improved mixed urinary incontinence compared to placebo over 3 months in women. Pelvic floor physical therapy was included in both groups. It is thought that mace may increase urethral muscle tone by blocking serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake in the sacral spinal cord. High doses and excessive use can cause coma or other serious toxic effects, especially in children. Najeeya AGF, Sultana A. Efficacy of mace (Arils of Myristica fragrans Houtt) plus PFMT on symptoms in mixed urinary incontinence: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Integr Med Res. 2018 Dec;7(4):307-315. doi: 10.1016/j.imr.2018.10.001. Epub 2018 Oct 26. PMID: 30519527; PMCID: PMC6260249. Imtiaz A, Almutairy BM, Almutairi TM, Aloufi MM, Almutairi AH. Mace Poisoning: Accidental Toxic Ingestion in a Child Leading to a Reversible Coma. Cureus. 2024 Dec 23;16(12):e76284. doi: 10.7759/cureus.76284. PMID: 39850188; PMCID: PMC11754422. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/cytisine-for-smoking-cessation monthly 0.5 2026-03-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1772984005638-YFCK91S82LUFX3058SWL/unsplash-image-ryBnRg4c3L0.jpg Blog - Cytisine for Smoking Cessation - A 2025 study found that 3mg cytisnicline (cytisine) three times daily significantly improved smoking abstinence compared to placebo during the 12 week intervention. Cytisine is a natural plant alkaloid that binds selectively to α4β2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Smoking abstinence was maintained for 20.5% of participants in the cytisine group vs 4.2% in the placebo group for up to 24 weeks (12 weeks after the cytisine was stopped). Cytisine may cause insomnia, nausea, headache or other side effects. Rigotti NA, Benowitz NL, Prochaska JJ, Rubinstein M, Clarke A, Blumenstein B, Cain DF, Jacobs C. Cytisinicline for Smoking Cessation: The ORCA Phase 3 Replication Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2025 Jun 1;185(6):648-655. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.0628. PMID: 40257755; PMCID: PMC12012700. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/chrysanthemum-for-rosacea monthly 0.5 2026-03-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1772919191662-697FVFRY4XSMKX4NLXTC/unsplash-image-Pyx3V0XO0gU.jpg Blog - Chrysanthemum for Rosacea - A 2005 study found that a cream with chrysanthemum extract significantly improved moderate rosacea compared to placebo over 12 weeks. The topical cream was applied twice per day. Chrysanthemum may help strengthen the walls of vasculature and is anti-inflammatory. Some people may be allergic to chrysanthemum. Side effects include itching and increased sun sensitivity among others. Rigopoulos D, Kalogeromitros D, Gregoriou S, Pacouret JM, Koch C, Fisher N, Bachmann K, Brown M, Schwarz E, Camel E, Katsambas A. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of a flavonoid-rich plant extract-based cream in the treatment of rosacea. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2005 Sep;19(5):564-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2005.01248.x. PMID: 16164709. “Chrysanthemum | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.” Mskcc.org, 6 June 2023, www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/integrative-medicine/herbs/chrysanthemum https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/topical-green-tea-for-acne monthly 0.5 2026-03-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1772656599778-EJH9B71ZBIFFCXDYJNQR/unsplash-image-wcGb8Y3kaSE.jpg Blog - Topical Green Tea for Acne - A study in 2009 found that a 2% topical lotion of green tea applied twice daily significantly improved acne over 6 weeks. There was no placebo or control group. Participants ranged in age from 15-36 years old. Green tea has anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects. No serious side effects were noted. A few participants had mild itching after the green tea lotion was applied. Elsaie ML, Abdelhamid MF, Elsaaiee LT, Emam HM. The efficacy of topical 2% green tea lotion in mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris. J Drugs Dermatol. 2009 Apr;8(4):358-64. PMID: 19363854. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/fig-leaf-for-eczema monthly 0.5 2026-03-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1772632817298-COGD5T490UFO59GNF3T5/unsplash-image-A8p7I33RCIs.jpg Blog - Fig Leaf for Eczema - A 2022 study found that 500ml of fig leaf tea daily significantly improved eczema compared to placebo over 8 weeks. Fig leaf has been shown to inhibit the binding of IgE antibodies (immune molecules) to a specific receptor linked with asthma and possibly eczema. If the fig leaf variety contains furanocoumarin, it could interact with some medications. Fig leaf may increase sensitivity to sunlight or cause other side effects. Abe T, Koyama Y, Nishimura K, Okiura A, Takahashi T. Efficacy and Safety of Fig (Ficus carica L.) Leaf Tea in Adults with Mild Atopic Dermatitis: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Preliminary Trial. Nutrients. 2022 Oct 25;14(21):4470. doi: 10.3390/nu14214470. PMID: 36364740; PMCID: PMC9658579. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/cannabidiol-for-seizures monthly 0.5 2026-03-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1772395391841-JIALQZQMRCNYQI3C9EHB/unsplash-image-tCZVzr9TvxQ.jpg Blog - Cannabidiol for Seizures - A 2017 study found that cannabidiol (CBD) at 20mg/kg per day in children was significantly more effective than placebo at reducing seizures over 14 weeks in children with a drug-resistant seizure disorder. Convulsive seizures decreased from a median of 12.4 to 5.9 per month in the CBD group vs 14.9 to 14.1 per month in the placebo group. There was no significant reduction in non-convulsive seizures. CBD may cause digestive or other side effects. Devinsky O, Cross JH, Laux L, Marsh E, Miller I, Nabbout R, Scheffer IE, Thiele EA, Wright S; Cannabidiol in Dravet Syndrome Study Group. Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2017 May 25;376(21):2011-2020. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1611618. PMID: 28538134. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/american-skullcap-for-insomnia monthly 0.5 2026-03-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/7b9aa6a7-829e-47a7-91f0-9aba718dd06f/IMG_0081.png Blog - American Skullcap for Insomnia - A 2025 study found that 400mg of American skullcap daily significantly improved sleep compared to placebo over 56 days in people with primary insomnia. Flavonoids in skullcap such as baicalein have been shown to bind to GABA receptors in the brain. American skullcap may cause dizziness or other side effects. Di Minno A, Morone MV, Buccato DG, De Lellis LF, Ullah H, Piccinocchi R, Cordara M, Larsen DS, Di Guglielmo A, Baldi A, Piccinocchi G, Xiao X, Sacchi R, Daglia M. Efficacy and Tolerability of a Chemically Characterized Scutellaria lateriflora L. Extract-Based Food Supplement for Sleep Management: A Single-Center, Controlled, Randomized, Crossover, Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Nutrients. 2025 Apr 28;17(9):1491. doi: 10.3390/nu17091491. PMID: 40362800; PMCID: PMC12073644. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/cannabidiol-for-anxiety monthly 0.5 2026-03-03 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1772394891838-CSXLXHX0UI3W5HJKIPAM/unsplash-image-tCZVzr9TvxQ.jpg Blog - Cannabidiol for Anxiety - A 2011 study found that 600mg of cannabidiol (CBD) significantly decreased anxiety in people with social anxiety disorder compared to placebo. The CBD was given to participants 1.5 hours prior to public speaking. It is thought that CBD affects serotonin receptors. High doses of CBD may worsen anxiety while lower doses may reduce anxiety. CBD may cause digestive or other side effects. Bergamaschi MM, Queiroz RH, Chagas MH, de Oliveira DC, De Martinis BS, Kapczinski F, Quevedo J, Roesler R, Schröder N, Nardi AE, Martín-Santos R, Hallak JE, Zuardi AW, Crippa JA. Cannabidiol reduces the anxiety induced by simulated public speaking in treatment-naïve social phobia patients. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2011 May;36(6):1219-26. doi: 10.1038/npp.2011.6. Epub 2011 Feb 9. PMID: 21307846; PMCID: PMC3079847. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/quercetin-may-lower-uric-acid-levels monthly 0.5 2026-03-02 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/fdc13b65-8c31-4a19-83d6-28d90f939fee/IMG_0078.jpeg Blog - Quercetin May Lower Uric Acid Levels - A 2016 study found that 500mg of quercetin daily, a flavonoid commonly found in fruits and vegetables, significantly lowered blood uric acid levels (~ 0.4mg/dL) compared to placebo over 4 weeks. Quercetin has been shown to inhibit the enzyme xanthine oxidoreductase, which produces uric acid. It is unclear if this supplement may help people with gout as this disease is multifactorial and more clinical trials need to be done. Quercetin may interact with some medications. Long-term use or high dose intake of quercetin may cause kidney impairment or other side effects. Shi Y, Williamson G. Quercetin lowers plasma uric acid in pre-hyperuricaemic males: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial. Br J Nutr. 2016 Mar 14;115(5):800-6. doi: 10.1017/S0007114515005310. Epub 2016 Jan 20. PMID: 26785820. Di Pierro F, Rabbani F, Tareen M, Nigar R, Khan A, Zerbinati N, Tanda ML, Cazzaniga M, Bertuccioli A, Falasca P, Damiani G, Villanova N. Potential pharmacological effect of Quercetin Phytosome™ in the management of hyperuricemia: results from real-life clinical studies. Front Nutr. 2025 Feb 7;12:1519459. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1519459. PMID: 39990611; PMCID: PMC11844220. Andres S, Pevny S, Ziegenhagen R, Bakhiya N, Schäfer B, Hirsch-Ernst KI, Lampen A. Safety Aspects of the Use of Quercetin as a Dietary Supplement. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2018 Jan;62(1). doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201700447. Epub 2017 Dec 19. PMID: 29127724. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/frankincense-for-asthma monthly 0.5 2026-03-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/a45c793b-d41e-4e99-8300-fad3615c521b/IMG_0077.png Blog - Frankincense for Asthma - A 1998 study found that 300mg of frankincense resin three times daily significantly improved asthma symptoms compared to 300mg of lactose three times daily over 6 weeks. Lung function parameters and inflammatory blood markers improved in 70% of people taking the frankincense resin vs 27% of people taking lactose. Frankincense can cause gastrointestinal symptoms among other side effects. Prolonged use at high doses can lead to rare but serious electrolyte imbalances. Gupta I, Gupta V, Parihar A, Gupta S, Lüdtke R, Safayhi H, Ammon HP. Effects of Boswellia serrata gum resin in patients with bronchial asthma: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-week clinical study. Eur J Med Res. 1998 Nov 17;3(11):511-4. PMID: 9810030. Finsterer J. Boswellia serrata intoxication manifesting with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, hyponatremia, seizure, and rhabdomyolysis. Crit Care Sci. 2024 Jun 24;36:e20240049en. doi: 10.62675/2965-2774.20240049-en. PMID: 38922237; PMCID: PMC11152439. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/spirulina-for-allergies monthly 0.5 2026-02-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1772238769798-AJEZHEQB4FSFZ19X86VZ/unsplash-image-Jo2keEVcwJw.jpg Blog - Spirulina for Allergies - A 2008 study found that oral intake of 2g spirulina daily, a blue-green algae, was significantly more effective than placebo at improving allergy symptoms over 6 months. Another study in 2020 found that 2g of spirulina taken daily was more effective than 10mg of cetirizine daily over 2 months. Spirulina is thought to have anti-inflammatory effects. Spirulina may cause digestive or other side effects. Cingi C, Conk-Dalay M, Cakli H, Bal C. The effects of spirulina on allergic rhinitis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2008 Oct;265(10):1219-23. doi: 10.1007/s00405-008-0642-8. Epub 2008 Mar 15. PMID: 18343939. Nourollahian M, Rasoulian B, Gafari A, Anoushiravani M, Jabari F, Bakhshaee M. Clinical comparison of the efficacy of spirulina platensis and cetirizine for treatment of allergic rhinitis. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2020 Jun;40(3):224-229. doi: 10.14639/0392-100X-N0139. PMID: 32773785; PMCID: PMC7416373. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/eucalyptus-for-bad-breath monthly 0.5 2026-02-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1772074183002-5HG3VM7N83RZKU1C9D6U/unsplash-image-dIEa0BytZ_g.jpg Blog - Eucalyptus for Bad Breath - A 2010 study found that a chewing gum containing eucalyptus significantly decreased bad breath, volatile sulfur compounds (a common cause of bad breath), and decreased tongue coating compared to placebo over 12 weeks. Eucalyptus is thought to reduce bacteria that produce volatile sulfur compounds in the mouth. Tanaka M, Toe M, Nagata H, Ojima M, Kuboniwa M, Shimizu K, Osawa K, Shizukuishi S. Effect of eucalyptus-extract chewing gum on oral malodor: a double-masked, randomized trial. J Periodontol. 2010 Nov;81(11):1564-71. doi: 10.1902/jop.2010.100249. Epub 2010 Jul 1. PMID: 20594055. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/l-theanine-for-sleep-quality monthly 0.5 2026-02-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1771860569560-YRXD89I7PG76J8DXTU2T/unsplash-image-qEcWgrTG578.jpg Blog - L-Theanine for Sleep Quality - A 2025 review analyzed multiple trials on L-theanine, an amino acid found in tea. It found that L-theanine improved sleep quality. L-theanine is thought to act as a competitor to glutamate, the brain’s main excitatory neurotransmitter, and it may increase GABA, the brain’s main inhibitory neurotransmitter. However, L-theanine may not necessarily improve anxiety. L-theanine may cause digestive or other side effects. Cotter J, Caddick CE, Harper JL, Ebajemito JK. Examining the effect of L-theanine on sleep: a systematic review of dietary supplementation trials. Nutr Neurosci. 2026 Feb;29(2):224-238. doi: 10.1080/1028415X.2025.2556925. Epub 2025 Nov 1. PMID: 41176609. Sarris J, Byrne GJ, Cribb L, Oliver G, Murphy J, Macdonald P, Nazareth S, Karamacoska D, Galea S, Short A, Ee C, Birling Y, Menon R, Ng CH. L-theanine in the adjunctive treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res. 2019 Mar;110:31-37. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.12.014. Epub 2018 Dec 8. PMID: 30580081. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/shiitake-mushroom-for-gastric-cancer monthly 0.5 2026-02-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1771723061899-QOAC1BVRD5S8HVLF9FJE/unsplash-image-gYGnlltOlx0.jpg Blog - Shiitake Mushroom for Gastric Cancer - A 2009 meta-analysis found that lentinan, a compound in shiitake mushrooms, significantly prolonged survival in people with gastric cancer when added to standard treatment. There is evidence lentinan may work by enhancing the immune system. Lentinan may have an effect on lung cancer as well but it is unclear if the prolonged survival lasts beyond 1 year. Another study found that lentinan may also improve chemotherapy-induced taste disorders. Shiitake mushrooms may cause a rash or other side effects. Oba K, Kobayashi M, Matsui T, Kodera Y, Sakamoto J. Individual patient based meta-analysis of lentinan for unresectable/recurrent gastric cancer. Anticancer Res. 2009 Jul;29(7):2739-45. PMID: 19596954. Wang Y, Wang H, Chai K, Guo S, Zhai Y, Shi R, Zhang F, Huang J, Jin Z, Gao Y, Tao X, Yang S, Li J, Zhou J, Qiao C, Stalin A, Wu J. Systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of Injectable Lentinan combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of gastric cancer. Phytomedicine. 2024 Jan;123:155242. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155242. Epub 2023 Dec 9. PMID: 38100922. Wang H, Cai Y, Zheng Y, Bai Q, Xie D, Yu J. Efficacy of biological response modifier lentinan with chemotherapy for advanced cancer: a meta-analysis. Cancer Med. 2017 Oct;6(10):2222-2233. doi: 10.1002/cam4.1156. Epub 2017 Sep 21. PMID: 28940986; PMCID: PMC5633561. Yanagimoto H, Hirooka S, Yamamoto T, Yamaki S, Sekimoto M. Efficacy of Lentinula edodes MyceliaExtract on Chemotherapy-Related Tasted Disorders in Pancreatic Cancer Patients. Nutr Cancer. 2023;75(1):236-246. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2107226. Epub 2022 Aug 11. PMID: 35950537. “Lentinan | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.” Www.mskcc.org, 20 Oct. 2023, www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/integrative-medicine/herbs/lentinan. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/lions-mane-mushroom-for-cognition monthly 0.5 2026-02-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/d1cfb96a-3a9b-4c87-bce3-35e47e8ffbb2/IMG_0076.png Blog - Lion’s Mane Mushroom for Cognition - A 2009 study found that 1000mg of Lion’s mane mushroom taken 3x daily significantly improved cognitive scores in adults 50-80 years old compared to placebo over 16 weeks. This effect may not last or may diminish after stopping Lion’s mane mushroom. Compounds in Lion’s mane mushroom have been shown to stimulate nerve growth and repair. No adverse effects were seen but lion’s mane mushroom may cause digestive or other side effects. Mori K, Inatomi S, Ouchi K, Azumi Y, Tuchida T. Improving effects of the mushroom Yamabushitake (Hericium erinaceus) on mild cognitive impairment: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res. 2009 Mar;23(3):367-72. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2634. PMID: 18844328. Contato AG, Conte-Junior CA. Lion's Mane Mushroom (Hericium erinaceus): A Neuroprotective Fungus with Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antimicrobial Potential-A Narrative Review. Nutrients. 2025 Apr 9;17(8):1307. doi: 10.3390/nu17081307. PMID: 40284172; PMCID: PMC12030463. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/soybean-isoflavones-for-menopausal-hot-flashes monthly 0.5 2026-02-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1771716864405-CNBZO6H9LRXFMZK33XFR/unsplash-image-AlqMN9ub3Aw.jpg Blog - Soybean Isoflavones for Menopausal Hot Flashes - A 2012 review and meta-analysis found that soy isoflavones (median 54mg) were significantly more effective than placebo at reducing frequency and severity of menopausal hot flashes. Almost 20 trials were analyzed with a duration of up to 1 year. Supplements containing more than 18.8mg genistein, an isoflavone, were more effective. Soy isoflavones affect estrogen receptors. Soy and soy isoflavones may actually reduce overall cancer risk and risk of recurrence for breast cancer. Taku K, Melby MK, Kronenberg F, Kurzer MS, Messina M. Extracted or synthesized soybean isoflavones reduce menopausal hot flash frequency and severity: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Menopause. 2012 Jul;19(7):776-90. doi: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3182410159. PMID: 22433977. Wang C, Ding K, Xie X, Zhou J, Liu P, Wang S, Fang T, Xu G, Tang C, Hong H. Soy Product Consumption and the Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Nutrients. 2024 Mar 28;16(7):986. doi: 10.3390/nu16070986. PMID: 38613019; PMCID: PMC11013307. van Die MD, Bone KM, Visvanathan K, Kyrø C, Aune D, Ee C, Paller CJ. Phytonutrients and outcomes following breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. JNCI Cancer Spectr. 2024 Jan 4;8(1):pkad104. doi: 10.1093/jncics/pkad104. PMID: 38070485; PMCID: PMC10868383. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/rhodiola-for-stress-related-fatigue monthly 0.5 2026-02-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/718bdc03-5774-45de-a307-a71b9c465af7/IMG_0075.png Blog - Rhodiola for Stress-Related Fatigue - A 2009 study found that an extract from the roots of Rhodiola Rosea significantly improved symptoms of fatigue compared to placebo over 28 days. In this trial, 576mg of the extract was taken four times daily. Morning salivary cortisol also improved in the group taking Rhodiola. Rhodiola may cause dizziness, headache, insomnia or other side effects. Olsson EM, von Schéele B, Panossian AG. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of the standardised extract shr-5 of the roots of Rhodiola rosea in the treatment of subjects with stress-related fatigue. Planta Med. 2009 Feb;75(2):105-12. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1088346. Epub 2008 Nov 18. PMID: 19016404. “Rhodiola.” NCCIH, Oct. 2020, www.nccih.nih.gov/health/rhodiola. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/artichoke-leaf-for-indigestion-amp-bloating monthly 0.5 2026-02-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1771530833697-VOZ3PRVHV9JU4N0WR85L/unsplash-image-ScStr968Vmo.jpg Blog - Artichoke Leaf for Indigestion & Bloating - A 2003 study found that artichoke leaf extract was significantly more effective than placebo at treating functional dyspepsia over 6 weeks. Functional dyspepsia includes indigestion, bloating, nausea, epigastric pain and similar symptoms. Artichoke leaf has been shown to enhance bile acid secretion. Holtmann G, Adam B, Haag S, Collet W, Grünewald E, Windeck T. Efficacy of artichoke leaf extract in the treatment of patients with functional dyspepsia: a six-week placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicentre trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Dec;18(11-12):1099-105. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01767.x. PMID: 14653829. Kirchhoff R, Beckers C, Kirchhoff GM, Trinczek-Gärtner H, Petrowicz O, Reimann HJ. Increase in choleresis by means of artichoke extract. Phytomedicine. 1994 Sep;1(2):107-15. doi: 10.1016/S0944-7113(11)80027-9. PMID: 23195882. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/south-african-geranium-for-copd monthly 0.5 2026-02-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/d831e009-8590-4fc6-96b0-c0be6663f263/IMG_0074.png Blog - South African Geranium for COPD - A 2013 study found that an extract from the roots of South African geranium (Pelargonium sidoides) may prolong the time to exacerbation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The extract was given daily, in addition to standard medical therapy, for 24 weeks and compared to a placebo group. Other studies found that a similar extract may improve symptoms and reduce duration of symptoms in children and adults with upper respiratory infections. South African geranium may cause digestive or other side effects. Matthys H, Pliskevich DA, Bondarchuk OM, Malek FA, Tribanek M, Kieser M. Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of EPs 7630 in adults with COPD. Respir Med. 2013 May;107(5):691-701. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2013.02.011. Epub 2013 Mar 7. PMID: 23478193. Gökçe Ş, Dörtkardeşler BE, Yurtseven A, Kurugöl Z. Effectiveness of Pelargonium sidoides in pediatric patients diagnosed with uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infection: a single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Eur J Pediatr. 2021 Sep;180(9):3019-3028. doi: 10.1007/s00431-021-04211-y. Epub 2021 Jul 24. PMID: 34304301. Lizogub VG, Riley DS, Heger M. Efficacy of a pelargonium sidoides preparation in patients with the common cold: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Explore (NY). 2007 Nov-Dec;3(6):573-84. doi: 10.1016/j.explore.2007.09.004. PMID: 18005909. Matthys H, Eisebitt R, Seith B, Heger M. Efficacy and safety of an extract of Pelargonium sidoides (EPs 7630) in adults with acute bronchitis. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Phytomedicine. 2003;10 Suppl 4:7-17. doi: 10.1078/1433-187x-00308. PMID: 12807337. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/reishi-mushroom-for-precancerous-colorectal-adenomas monthly 0.5 2026-02-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1771450852500-ZK8TIWRTM9RSQ4J2KXRC/unsplash-image-pVnKvuIYwM0.jpg Blog - Reishi Mushroom for Precancerous Colorectal Adenomas - A 2010 study found that a 1.5g extract of reishi mushroom taken daily for 1 year was significantly effective at reducing the number and size of precancerous colorectal adenomas. Number and size of precancerous colorectal adenomas increased in the control (no treatment) group. All participants had a baseline colonoscopy showing adenomas at the beginning of the trial and repeat colonoscopy at the 1 year trial end. It is thought that reishi mushroom increases natural immunity against tumors and precancers. There is some evidence that reishi mushroom may help with gastrointestinal cancer treatment but this is only available in Chinese literature. Reishi mushroom may cause digestive or other side effects. Oka S, Tanaka S, Yoshida S, Hiyama T, Ueno Y, Ito M, Kitadai Y, Yoshihara M, Chayama K. A water-soluble extract from culture medium of Ganoderma lucidum mycelia suppresses the development of colorectal adenomas. Hiroshima J Med Sci. 2010 Mar;59(1):1-6. PMID: 20518254. Lin, Z.B. 2007. Clinical application of Ganoderma lucidum (in Chinese), p.332-340. In Z.B. Lin (eds.), Modern Research of Ganoderma lucidum, 3rd ed. Beijing Medical University Press, Beijing. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/nigella-sativa-for-hashimotos-thyroiditis monthly 0.5 2026-02-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1771293732932-I3YZWSZJWFO73FO50O7M/unsplash-image-guKZhjmfero.jpg Blog - Nigella Sativa for Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis - A 2016 study found that 2000mg of Nigella sativa significantly improved thyroid function and decreased anti-TPO antibodies in people with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis compared to placebo over 8 weeks. All people were on levothyroxine during the study. Weight and waist circumference also significantly improved in the group taking Nigella sativa. Nigella sativa contains thyimoquinone, which is thought to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Long-term use and high doses of black seeds may cause stomach upset among other, possible serious, side effects. Farhangi MA, Dehghan P, Tajmiri S, Abbasi MM. The effects of Nigella sativa on thyroid function, serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) - 1, Nesfatin-1 and anthropometric features in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016 Nov 16;16(1):471. doi: 10.1186/s12906-016-1432-2. PMID: 27852303; PMCID: PMC5112739. Kemal Sener, Adem Cakir, Onder Yesiloglu, Ertugrul Altug, Ramazan Guven, Semih Korkut, Rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury after consumption of black seed oil, Toxicon, Volume 245, 2024, 107787, ISSN 0041-0101, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107787. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/garlic-for-high-blood-pressure monthly 0.5 2026-02-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1771201523908-9Q9C3SW223PXWB2IIA5A/unsplash-image-r8ySJfxvESQ.jpg Blog - Garlic for High Blood Pressure - A 2023 study found that aged garlic extract was significantly more effective than placebo at lowering blood pressure over 12 weeks in people with grade 1 hypertension. The aged garlic contained 0.25mg of s-allyl cysteine (SAC). SAC is thought to increase nitric oxide levels. Another study in 2012 found that 480mg of aged garlic containing 1.2mg SAC significantly lowered systolic blood pressure compared to placebo over 12 weeks in people already on antihypertensive medications; this effect was more significant than the 2023 study. Research has shown that garlic may also improve microcirculation. Garlic may cause digestive issues among other side effects. Ried K, Frank OR, Stocks NP. Aged garlic extract reduces blood pressure in hypertensives: a dose-response trial. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2013 Jan;67(1):64-70. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2012.178. Epub 2012 Nov 21. PMID: 23169470; PMCID: PMC3561616. Sobenin IA, Andrianova IV, Fomchenkov IV, Gorchakova TV, Orekhov AN. Time-released garlic powder tablets lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure in men with mild and moderate arterial hypertension. Hypertens Res. 2009 Jun;32(6):433-7. doi: 10.1038/hr.2009.36. Epub 2009 Apr 24. PMID: 19390538. Rahmatinia E, Amidi B, Naderi N, Ahmadipour S, Ahmadvand H, Pahlevan-Fallahy MT, Ghorbanzadeh V, Nazari A. Randomized, double-blind clinical trial evaluating the impact of freeze-dried garlic extract capsules on blood pressure, lipid profile, and nitric oxide levels in individuals at risk for hypertension. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig. 2024 Jul 15;45(4):139-147. doi: 10.1515/hmbci-2024-0019. PMID: 39001718. Serrano JCE, Castro-Boqué E, García-Carrasco A, Morán-Valero MI, González-Hedström D, Bermúdez-López M, Valdivielso JM, Espinel AE, Portero-Otín M. Antihypertensive Effects of an Optimized Aged Garlic Extract in Subjects with Grade I Hypertension and Antihypertensive Drug Therapy: A Randomized, Triple-Blind Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2023 Aug 23;15(17):3691. doi: 10.3390/nu15173691. PMID: 37686723; PMCID: PMC10490347. Wlosinska M, Nilsson AC, Hlebowicz J, Malmsjö M, Fakhro M, Lindstedt S. Aged garlic extract preserves cutaneous microcirculation in patients with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases: A double-blinded placebo-controlled study. Int Wound J. 2019 Dec;16(6):1487-1493. doi: 10.1111/iwj.13220. Epub 2019 Sep 13. PMID: 31518044; PMCID: PMC7949022. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/tea-tree-oil-for-acne monthly 0.5 2026-02-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/05d351c4-9438-40ff-af93-2f0dafca2e05/IMG_0073.png Blog - Tea Tree Oil for Acne - Two studies in 1990 and 2019 found that a 5% tea tree gel significantly improved mild to moderate acne and it was similarly effective to the medication benzoyl peroxide. Topical tea tree had fewer side effects than benzoyl peroxide so compliance was higher. A 2007 study found 5% topical tea tree to be significantly more effective for acne than placebo after 45 days. Some people may be allergic to tea tree oil. Bassett IB, Pannowitz DL, Barnetson RS. A comparative study of tea-tree oil versus benzoylperoxide in the treatment of acne. Med J Aust. 1990 Oct 15;153(8):455-8. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1990.tb126150.x. PMID: 2145499. Enshaieh S, Jooya A, Siadat AH, Iraji F. The efficacy of 5% topical tea tree oil gel in mild to moderate acne vulgaris: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2007 Jan-Feb;73(1):22-5. doi: 10.4103/0378-6323.30646. PMID: 17314442. Lubtikulthum P, Kamanamool N, Udompataikul M. A comparative study on the effectiveness of herbal extracts vs 2.5% benzoyl peroxide in the treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2019 Dec;18(6):1767-1775. doi: 10.1111/jocd.12962. Epub 2019 Apr 23. PMID: 31012999. Hammer KA, Carson CF, Riley TV, Nielsen JB. A review of the toxicity of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil. Food Chem Toxicol. 2006 May;44(5):616-25. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2005.09.001. Epub 2005 Oct 21. PMID: 16243420. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/lavender-for-anxiety monthly 0.5 2026-02-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1771100152997-K6UTJ7A0MC9G7WUKQD6F/unsplash-image-mCR10j_B6sM.jpg Blog - Lavender for Anxiety - A 2010 study found that an 80mg extract of lavender taken daily was significantly more effective than placebo at treating anxiety. A 2014 study also found that the 160mg extract of lavender was more effective than the 80mg extract at improving generalized anxiety disorder over 10 weeks. There are many different types of lavender. No significant adverse effects were seen but some people may experience digestive issues. Kasper S, Gastpar M, Müller WE, Volz HP, Möller HJ, Dienel A, Schläfke S. Silexan, an orally administered Lavandula oil preparation, is effective in the treatment of 'subsyndromal' anxiety disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2010 Sep;25(5):277-87. doi: 10.1097/YIC.0b013e32833b3242. PMID: 20512042. Kasper S, Gastpar M, Müller WE, Volz HP, Möller HJ, Schläfke S, Dienel A. Lavender oil preparation Silexan is effective in generalized anxiety disorder--a randomized, double-blind comparison to placebo and paroxetine. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2014 Jun;17(6):859-69. doi: 10.1017/S1461145714000017. Epub 2014 Jan 23. PMID: 24456909. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/bilberry-for-skin-aging monthly 0.5 2026-02-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1771031974530-XI5B6V1JX14ZKI3IBWX8/unsplash-image-Vl0rdP2DwB0.jpg Blog - Bilberry for Skin Aging - A 2024 study found that a fermented bilberry extract significantly improved wrinkles and skin complexion compared to placebo over 12 weeks. Another study in 2018 showed that freeze-dried bilberry significantly improved walking distance after 8 weeks compared to standard medical therapy alone after a heart attack. Nobile V, Dudonné S, Kern C, Roveda G, Garcia C. Antiaging, Brightening, and Antioxidant Efficacy of Fermented Bilberry Extract (Vaccinium myrtillus): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2024 Jul 10;16(14):2203. doi: 10.3390/nu16142203. PMID: 39064646; PMCID: PMC11280171. Arevström L, Bergh C, Landberg R, Wu H, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Waldenborg M, Magnuson A, Blanc S, Fröbert O. Freeze-dried bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) dietary supplement improves walking distance and lipids after myocardial infarction: an open-label randomized clinical trial. Nutr Res. 2019 Feb;62:13-22. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.11.008. Epub 2018 Nov 17. PMID: 30803503. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/siberian-rhubarb-for-menopausal-symptoms monthly 0.5 2026-02-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1770949583629-6SJL90O1R1CUG58LAYDA/unsplash-image-zbz1NzJg-Tc.jpg Blog - Siberian Rhubarb for Menopausal Symptoms - A 2006 study found that an extract from the roots of Siberian Rhubarb (Rheum rhaponticum) was significantly more effective than placebo at treating menopausal symptoms over 12 weeks. Siberian Rhubarb is thought to act like a selective estrogen receptor modulator. A subsequent study in 2009 found this same extract to be effective over 96 weeks without significant adverse effects. Heger M, Ventskovskiy BM, Borzenko I, Kneis KC, Rettenberger R, Kaszkin-Bettag M, Heger PW. Efficacy and safety of a special extract of Rheum rhaponticum (ERr 731) in perimenopausal women with climacteric complaints: a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Menopause. 2006 Sep-Oct;13(5):744-59. doi: 10.1097/01.gme.0000240632.08182.e4. Erratum in: Menopause. 2007 Mar-Apr;14(2):339. PMID: 16894335. Hasper I, Ventskovskiy BM, Rettenberger R, Heger PW, Riley DS, Kaszkin-Bettag M. Long-term efficacy and safety of the special extract ERr 731 of Rheum rhaponticum in perimenopausal women with menopausal symptoms. Menopause. 2009 Jan-Feb;16(1):117-31. doi: 10.1097/GME.0b013e3181806446. PMID: 18978638. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/vitamin-k2-for-osteoporosis monthly 0.5 2026-02-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1770758551456-LULHRG7EOONMYZNWQ3KQ/unsplash-image-grZRf9RSRy4.jpg Blog - Vitamin K2 for Osteoporosis - A 2000 study found that 45mg of vitamin K2 (MK-4) plus calcium daily was significantly more effective at reducing fractures (especially vertebral) and improving lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) in Japanese women with osteoporosis over 2 years than only calcium daily. A 2021 Danish study found that 325mcg (0.325mg) of vitamin K2 (MK-7) did not significantly improve bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteopenia over 3 years compared to placebo. A 2023 British study found that 45mg of vitamin K2 (MK-4) did not significantly increase bone mineral density compared to placebo over 18 months in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis already taking bisphosphonate medication. Shiraki M, Shiraki Y, Aoki C, Miura M. Vitamin K2 (menatetrenone) effectively prevents fractures and sustains lumbar bone mineral density in osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. 2000 Mar;15(3):515-21. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.3.515. PMID: 10750566. Rønn SH, Harsløf T, Oei L, Pedersen SB, Langdahl BL. The effect of vitamin MK-7 on bone mineral density and microarchitecture in postmenopausal women with osteopenia, a 3-year randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Osteoporos Int. 2021 Jan;32(1):185-191. doi: 10.1007/s00198-020-05638-z. Epub 2020 Oct 8. PMID: 33030563. Moore AE, Dulnoan D, Voong K, Ayis S, Mangelis A, Gorska R, Harrington DJ, Tang JCY, Fraser WD, Hampson G. The additive effect of vitamin K supplementation and bisphosphonate on fracture risk in post-menopausal osteoporosis: a randomised placebo controlled trial. Arch Osteoporos. 2023 Jun 20;18(1):83. doi: 10.1007/s11657-023-01288-w. PMID: 37338608; PMCID: PMC10282078. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/rose-geranium-for-nasal-infections monthly 0.5 2026-02-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1770648845085-KVX0S7MISIDA5A7NO4BQ/unsplash-image-gQy_Btczrq0.jpg Blog - Rose Geranium for Nasal Infections - A 2024 study found that a nasal spray containing rose geranium in sesame oil was significantly more effective than isotonic saline at improving symptoms of nasal vestibulitis (infection) over 2 weeks in people on chemotherapy. Rose geranium is thought have have anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial effects. Cathcart-Rake EJ, Steinert K, Smith D, Lewis-Peters S, Giridhar K, Novotny P, Dauer D, O'Connor A, Thomé S, Erickson MK, Friday BB, Loprinzi CL. Rose geranium in sesame oil nasal spray to improve nasal vestibulitis symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Support Care Cancer. 2024 May 24;32(6):379. doi: 10.1007/s00520-024-08580-6. PMID: 38789656. Cathcart-Rake EJ, Smith D, Zahrieh D, Loprinzi CL. Rose geranium in sesame oil nasal spray: a treatment for nasal vestibulitis? BMJ Support Palliat Care. 2020 Dec;10(4):411-413. doi: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2018-001569. Epub 2018 Sep 26. PMID: 30377210. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/licorice-root-for-heartburn monthly 0.5 2026-02-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/ccb10de4-ddf5-494f-9acc-2b83cbadab1f/IMG_0072.png Blog - Licorice Root for Heartburn - A 2025 study found that an extract of deglycyrrhizinated licorice root was significantly more effective than placebo at treating symptoms of acid reflux or heartburn over 4 weeks. Licorice contains glycyrrhizin (glycyrrhizic acid), which can cause serious electrolyte imbalances if consumed in large amounts or for long periods of time. Licorice is unsafe for use during pregnancy. Raj JP, Saxena U, Belhekar MN, Mamde A, Darak H, Pawar S. Efficacy and Safety of GutGard® in Managing Gastroesophageal Reflux-Related Symptoms: A Phase III, Single-Centre, Double-Blind, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Complement Med Res. 2025;32(1):26-36. doi: 10.1159/000543367. Epub 2025 Feb 10. PMID: 39929150; PMCID: PMC11892464. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/ginseng-for-cancer-related-fatigue monthly 0.5 2026-02-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1770582767059-W2VA0I90TNE7OEXIYFR5/unsplash-image-JhOuD2wEiJs.jpg Blog - Ginseng for Cancer-Related Fatigue - A 2020 study found that colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy who took 2g of Korean red ginseng daily had significant improvements in fatigue, mood and walking ability compared to placebo over 16 weeks. This effect may not be the same for other types of ginseng, other cancers or other cancer treatments. Ginseng may cause insomnia among other side effects. Ginseng is not safe for use during pregnancy. Kim JW, Han SW, Cho JY, Chung IJ, Kim JG, Lee KH, Park KU, Baek SK, Oh SC, Lee MA, Oh D, Shim B, Ahn JB, Shin D, Lee JW, Kim YH. Korean red ginseng for cancer-related fatigue in colorectal cancer patients with chemotherapy: A randomised phase III trial. Eur J Cancer. 2020 May;130:51-62. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.02.018. Epub 2020 Mar 13. PMID: 32172198. Guglielmo M, Di Pede P, Alfieri S, Bergamini C, Platini F, Ripamonti CI, Orlandi E, Iacovelli NA, Licitra L, Maddalo M, Bossi P. A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, phase II study to evaluate the efficacy of ginseng in reducing fatigue in patients treated for head and neck cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2020 Oct;146(10):2479-2487. doi: 10.1007/s00432-020-03300-z. Epub 2020 Jul 2. PMID: 32617701; PMCID: PMC11804631. Kim HS, Kim MK, Lee M, Kwon BS, Suh DH, Song YS. Effect of Red Ginseng on Genotoxicity and Health-Related Quality of Life after Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2017 Jul 19;9(7):772. doi: 10.3390/nu9070772. PMID: 28753932; PMCID: PMC5537886. NCCIH. “Asian Ginseng.” NCCIH, Aug. 2020, www.nccih.nih.gov/health/asian-ginseng. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/pumpkin-seed-oil-for-hair-loss monthly 0.5 2026-02-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1770509200421-2104ENSCGKBZBQLC5YXF/unsplash-image-tAcWP-qfVX4.jpg Blog - Pumpkin Seed Oil for Hair Loss - A 2021 study found that pumpkin seed oil was similarly effective to topical minoxidil at treating female pattern hair loss over 3 months. Another study in 2014 found that pumpkin seed oil was significantly more effective than placebo at treating male pattern hair loss (androgenic alopecia) over 24 weeks. Pumpkin seed oil likely blocks 5-alpha reductase, an enzyme that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone and plays a role in androgenic alopecia. No significant adverse effects were seen. Ibrahim IM, Hasan MS, Elsabaa KI, Elsaie ML. Pumpkin seed oil vs. minoxidil 5% topical foam for the treatment of female pattern hair loss: A randomized comparative trial. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021 Sep;20(9):2867-2873. doi: 10.1111/jocd.13976. Epub 2021 Feb 12. PMID: 33544448. Cho YH, Lee SY, Jeong DW, Choi EJ, Kim YJ, Lee JG, Yi YH, Cha HS. Effect of pumpkin seed oil on hair growth in men with androgenetic alopecia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:549721. doi: 10.1155/2014/549721. Epub 2014 Apr 23. PMID: 24864154; PMCID: PMC4017725. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/jackfruit-for-type-2-diabetes-mellitus monthly 0.5 2026-02-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1770229309673-H9KHMT3261ABP335CZ1R/unsplash-image-GO49uWrfkpA.jpg Blog - Jackfruit for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - A 2021 study found significant improvement in blood sugar levels (including A1c) with 30g of green jackfruit flour daily compared to 30g of rice and wheat flour daily over 12 weeks. Jackfruit is lower in calories and higher in fiber than rice or wheat. It is thought that jackfruit may increase insulin production. It is likely the effect seen was, in part, due to jackfruit having a lower glycemic load. Rao AG, Naik KS, Unnikrishnan AG, Joseph J. Efficacy of green jackfruit flour as a medical nutrition therapy replacing rice or wheat in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Nutr Diabetes. 2021 Jun 14;11(1):18. doi: 10.1038/s41387-021-00161-4. PMID: 34127645; PMCID: PMC8203736. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/thyme-rosemary-lavender-amp-cedarwood-for-alopecia-areata monthly 0.5 2026-02-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1770222323029-2YD82XL92W0LJVAZIKL6/unsplash-image-uBAn0WDjL24.jpg Blog - Thyme, Rosemary, Lavender & Cedarwood for Alopecia Areata - A 1998 study found an extract of essential oils (thyme 88mg, rosemary 114mg, lavender 108mg, and cedarwood 94mg) in a mixture of carrier oils (jojoba 3ml and grapeseed 20ml) was significantly more effective than the carrier oils alone at improving hair regrowth in people with alopecia areata over 7 months. No significant adverse events were seen. These essential oils are thought to be anti-inflammatory. Rosemary may also be effective for androgenic alopecia. Hay IC, Jamieson M, Ormerod AD. Randomized trial of aromatherapy. Successful treatment for alopecia areata. Arch Dermatol. 1998 Nov;134(11):1349-52. doi: 10.1001/archderm.134.11.1349. PMID: 9828867. Panahi Y, Taghizadeh M, Marzony ET, Sahebkar A. Rosemary oil vs minoxidil 2% for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia: a randomized comparative trial. Skinmed. 2015 Jan-Feb;13(1):15-21. PMID: 25842469. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/sage-for-alzheimers-disease monthly 0.5 2026-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1770219999106-SCTWY3YH063KFY8ABZP1/unsplash-image-ZbxEgEaxDew.jpg Blog - Sage for Alzheimer’s Disease - A 2003 study found that an extract of sage (Salvia officinalis) was significantly more effective than placebo at improving cognition in people with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease over 4 months. Sage is thought to inhibit acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. Sage may also improve mood and reduce agitation. No significant differences in side effects were seen. However, sage contains thujone, which may be toxic in high doses and is not safe in pregnancy. Akhondzadeh S, Noroozian M, Mohammadi M, Ohadinia S, Jamshidi AH, Khani M. Salvia officinalis extract in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a double blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2003 Feb;28(1):53-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2710.2003.00463.x. PMID: 12605619. Kennedy DO, Pace S, Haskell C, Okello EJ, Milne A, Scholey AB. Effects of cholinesterase inhibiting sage (Salvia officinalis) on mood, anxiety and performance on a psychological stressor battery. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2006 Apr;31(4):845-52. doi: 10.1038/sj.npp.1300907. PMID: 16205785. “Sage.” NCCIH, Oct. 2020, www.nccih.nih.gov/health/sage. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/pygeum-for-urination monthly 0.5 2026-02-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/34aefbd9-b5f0-430c-8432-55b4e5a50ef5/IMG_0071.png Blog - Pygeum for Urination - A 1990 study found significant improvements in urination with pygeum 50mg twice daily vs placebo over 60 days in people with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). A follow up study showed safety of pygeum 100mg daily for up to 12 months. Pygeum may cause gastrointestinal or other side effects. Chatelain C, Autet W, Brackman F. Comparison of once and twice daily dosage forms of Pygeum africanum extract in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a randomized, double-blind study, with long-term open label extension. Urology. 1999 Sep;54(3):473-8. doi: 10.1016/s0090-4295(99)00147-8. PMID: 10475357. Krzeski T, Kazón M, Borkowski A, Witeska A, Kuczera J. Combined extracts of Urtica dioica and Pygeum africanum in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: double-blind comparison of two doses. Clin Ther. 1993 Nov-Dec;15(6):1011-20. PMID: 7509261. Barlet A, Albrecht J, Aubert A, Fischer M, Grof F, Grothuesmann HG, Masson JC, Mazeman E, Mermon R, Reichelt H, et al. Wirksamkeit eines Extraktes aus Pygeum africanum in der medikamentösen Therapie von Miktionsstörungen infolge einer benignen Prostatahyperplasie: Bewertung objektiver und subjektiver Parameter. Eine placebokontrollierte doppelblinde Multizenterstudie [Efficacy of Pygeum africanum extract in the medical therapy of urination disorders due to benign prostatic hyperplasia: evaluation of objective and subjective parameters. A placebo-controlled double-blind multicenter study]. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1990 Nov 23;102(22):667-73. German. PMID: 1702916. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/chocolate-amp-pomegranate-for-testosterone-support monthly 0.5 2026-02-03 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/ac895e7a-8c32-4362-8a25-e98b066818d3/IMG_0070.png Blog - Chocolate & Pomegranate for Testosterone Support - A 2023 study found that an extract of pomegranate rind and cocoa seeds significantly increased free and total testosterone in young males compared to placebo over 56 days. It is thought that this extract increases testosterone production and reduces the conversion of testosterone to estradiol by inhibiting aromatase activity. Another study also found improved sexual function with this extract over 84 days. Cocoa seeds and pomegranate may cause stomach upset among other side effects. Sreeramaneni PGA, Yalamanchi A, Konda MR, Cherukuri SHV, Maroon JC. A Proprietary Herbal Blend Containing Extracts of Punica granatum Fruit Rind and Theobroma cocoa Seeds Increases Serum Testosterone Level in Healthy Young Males: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. J Diet Suppl. 2023;20(3):411-427. doi: 10.1080/19390211.2022.2035037. Epub 2022 Feb 6. PMID: 35129040. Srivastava MK, Singh G, Kodur RR, Yalamanchi A. A Combination of Punica granatum Fruit Rind and Theobroma cacao Seed Extracts Enhances Sexual Function in Aging Males in a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study. Int J Med Sci. 2025 Jan 1;22(2):383-397. doi: 10.7150/ijms.99958. PMID: 39781534; PMCID: PMC11704686. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/elderberry-for-the-flu monthly 0.5 2026-02-02 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1769958063054-Q92JR98X8I2Y15D2953Q/unsplash-image-ITFBAchRAiI.jpg Blog - Elderberry for the Flu - A 2004 study found that elderberry syrup significantly reduced duration and severity of illness compared to placebo in people with laboratory confirmed influenza virus. The elderberry syrup was initiated within 48 hours of symptom onset and taken four times per day for 5 days. It is thought that elderberry prevents the adhesion of the influenza virus to cell receptors. Other studies have not found the same efficacy for elderberry in people with other viruses. Raw elderberries and other parts of the elder tree contain poisonous cyanide-producing substances. Cooking eliminates these poisonous substances. Zakay-Rones Z, Thom E, Wollan T, Wadstein J. Randomized study of the efficacy and safety of oral elderberry extract in the treatment of influenza A and B virus infections. J Int Med Res. 2004 Mar-Apr;32(2):132-40. doi: 10.1177/147323000403200205. PMID: 15080016. Zakay-Rones Z, Varsano N, Zlotnik M, Manor O, Regev L, Schlesinger M, Mumcuoglu M. Inhibition of several strains of influenza virus in vitro and reduction of symptoms by an elderberry extract (Sambucus nigra L.) during an outbreak of influenza B Panama. J Altern Complement Med. 1995 Winter;1(4):361-9. doi: 10.1089/acm.1995.1.361. PMID: 9395631. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/curcumin-for-non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease monthly 0.5 2026-02-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1769802634211-XZJHNXVK7PQTONSY60OI/unsplash-image-qSG84aqI6bs.jpg Blog - Curcumin for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - A 2021 study found that curcumin was significantly more effective than placebo at improving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) over 2 months. Multiple other studies have had similar findings. Curcumin is a major component of turmeric and gives it a distinct yellow color. Curcumin can cause gastrointestinal or other side effects. Mirhafez SR, Azimi-Nezhad M, Dehabeh M, Hariri M, Naderan RD, Movahedi A, Abdalla M, Sathyapalan T, Sahebkar A. The Effect of Curcumin Phytosome on the Treatment of Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1308:25-35. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-64872-5_3. PMID: 33861434. Saberi-Karimian M, Keshvari M, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Salehizadeh L, Rahmani S, Behnam B, Jamialahmadi T, Asgary S, Sahebkar A. Effects of curcuminoids on inflammatory status in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Med. 2020 Mar;49:102322. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102322. Epub 2020 Jan 21. PMID: 32147075. Rahmani S, Asgary S, Askari G, Keshvari M, Hatamipour M, Feizi A, Sahebkar A. Treatment of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Curcumin: A Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial. Phytother Res. 2016 Sep;30(9):1540-8. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5659. Epub 2016 Jun 8. PMID: 27270872. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy-for-ptsd monthly 0.5 2026-01-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1769787590918-NF14NDT8L7S3IK3ZK5W8/unsplash-image-VLof9VPfmRk.jpg Blog - Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for PTSD - A 2024 study found that hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) was significantly more effective than sham protocol at treating combat-associated PTSD over 14 weeks. Symptoms of depression improved significantly as well. Studies have shown this improvement can last for years after treatment. Brain imaging has also shown improved connections with HBOT treatment. It’s important that HBOT is conducted under appropriate medical supervision. Doenyas-Barak K, Kutz I, Lang E, Assouline A, Hadanny A, Aberg KC, Levi G, Beberashvili I, Mayo A, Efrati S. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Veterans With Combat-Associated Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Randomized, Sham-Controlled Clinical Trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2024 Nov 10;85(4):24m15464. doi: 10.4088/JCP.24m15464. PMID: 39566051. Doenyas-Barak K, Catalogna M, Kutz I, Levi G, Hadanny A, Tal S, Daphna-Tekoha S, Sasson E, Shechter Y, Efrati S. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves symptoms, brain's microstructure and functionality in veterans with treatment resistant post-traumatic stress disorder: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial. PLoS One. 2022 Feb 22;17(2):e0264161. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264161. PMID: 35192645; PMCID: PMC8863239. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/senna-for-constipation monthly 0.5 2026-01-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/378272df-fb09-4353-a4b2-ad02083afd4c/IMG_0056.png Blog - Senna for Constipation - A 2021 study found that senna was similarly effective to magnesium oxide and superior to placebo at treating chronic constipation daily over 28 days. No serious adverse events were seen. Senna may cause stomach upset or other side effects. Morishita D, Tomita T, Mori S, Kimura T, Oshima T, Fukui H, Miwa H. Senna Versus Magnesium Oxide for the Treatment of Chronic Constipation: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021 Jan 1;116(1):152-161. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000942. PMID: 32969946. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/astragalus-for-chronic-kidney-disease monthly 0.5 2026-01-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/d107bef6-a237-4ad0-badb-54ff728add92/IMG_0055.png Blog - Astragalus for Chronic Kidney Disease - A 2024 study found that astragalus, in addition to standard care, significantly reduced the progression of chronic kidney disease in people with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease stages 2 or 3 compared to control over 48 weeks. Of note, there were more adverse events with astragalus. Astragalus may cause gastrointestinal or other side effects. Chan KW, Kwong ASK, Tsui PN, Chan GCW, Choi WF, Yiu WH, Cheung SCY, Wong MMY, Zhang ZJ, Tan KCB, Lao L, Lai KN, Tang SCW; READY and SCHEMATIC research group. Add-on astragalus in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: A multi-center, assessor-blind, randomized controlled trial. Phytomedicine. 2024 Jul 25;130:155457. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155457. Epub 2024 Feb 28. PMID: 38810556. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/strontium-for-osteoporosis monthly 0.5 2026-01-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1769026973773-74CR36YNYP1IR2X2NPHB/unsplash-image-6VwNCXfmYak.jpg Blog - Strontium for Osteoporosis - A 2004 study found that 2 grams of oral strontium ranelate taken daily was significantly more effective than placebo at improving bone mineral density (BMD) and reducing vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis over 3 years. All people in the study also received calcium and vitamin D supplements. BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck increased by 14.4% and 8.3% respectively. Vertebral fractures were reduced by 49% in the first year and 41% over the 3 year trial. A 10 year follow up trial showed that lumbar BMD increased continuously and significantly over this time. Fracture risk also remained decreased. Strontium may cause headache, nausea, diarrhea or other side effects. Strontium ranelate is not approved for use in the US by the FDA as there have been concerns about increased cardiovascular risk. Meunier PJ, Roux C, Seeman E, Ortolani S, Badurski JE, Spector TD, Cannata J, Balogh A, Lemmel EM, Pors-Nielsen S, Rizzoli R, Genant HK, Reginster JY. The effects of strontium ranelate on the risk of vertebral fracture in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 2004 Jan 29;350(5):459-68. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa022436. PMID: 14749454. Reginster JY, Kaufman JM, Goemaere S, Devogelaer JP, Benhamou CL, Felsenberg D, Diaz-Curiel M, Brandi ML, Badurski J, Wark J, Balogh A, Bruyère O, Roux C. Maintenance of antifracture efficacy over 10 years with strontium ranelate in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2012 Mar;23(3):1115-22. doi: 10.1007/s00198-011-1847-z. Epub 2011 Nov 29. PMID: 22124575; PMCID: PMC3277702. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/cranberry-for-prevention-of-urinary-tract-infections monthly 0.5 2026-01-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1769025985670-FGQN23MGD4E6K1HUSGWT/unsplash-image-PHbtjiC5u70.jpg Blog - Cranberry for Prevention of Urinary Tract Infections - A 2025 study found that 500mg of whole cranberry fruit powder daily was significantly more effective than placebo at reducing recurrent urinary tract infections in women over 6 months. Cranberries contain proanthocyanidins and flavonoids, which inhibit the ability of Escherichia coli (a common pathogen) to adhere to uroepithelial cells. In large amounts, cranberries may cause stomach upset or other side effects. Stonehouse W, Benassi-Evans B, Bednarz J, Vincent AD. Whole cranberry fruit powder supplement reduces the incidence of culture-confirmed urinary tract infections in females with a history of recurrent urinary tract infection: A 6-month multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2025 Apr;121(4):932-941. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.022. Epub 2025 Jan 23. PMID: 39863114; PMCID: PMC12002188. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/butterbur-for-seasonal-allergic-rhinitis monthly 0.5 2026-01-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/d8df48e9-b7f1-4082-a381-29382f597ead/IMG_0054.png Blog - Butterbur for Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis - A 2002 study found that butterbur was similarly effective to cetirizine at treating seasonal allergic rhinitis over 2 weeks. The butterbur extract was taken four times per day vs the once daily dosing of cetirizine. However, drowsiness was common in the cetirizine group but not in the butterbur group. Butterbur contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), which can be toxic to the liver. Some people may be allergic to butterbur. Butterbur may cause gastrointestinal or other side effects. Schapowal A; Petasites Study Group. Randomised controlled trial of butterbur and cetirizine for treating seasonal allergic rhinitis. BMJ. 2002 Jan 19;324(7330):144-6. doi: 10.1136/bmj.324.7330.144. PMID: 11799030; PMCID: PMC64514. “Butterbur.” NCCIH, www.nccih.nih.gov/health/butterbur. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/lingonberry-and-amla-may-improve-wrinkles monthly 0.5 2026-01-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/de9985d5-b59b-46f1-87ad-a84f178837c5/IMG_0053.png Blog - Lingonberry and Amla May Improve Wrinkles - A 2019 study found that women who drank an extract of lingnonberries and amla (Indian gooseberries) had significant improvement in wrinkles compared to placebo over 12 weeks. Skin elasticity, skin thickness, and stratum corneum (the outermost skin layer) water content also significantly improved with the drink. Lingnonberries and amla can cause gastrointestinal or other side effects. Uchiyama T, Tsunenaga M, Miyanaga M, Ueda O, Ogo M. Oral intake of lingonberry and amla fruit extract improves skin conditions in healthy female subjects: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 2019 Sep;66(5):870-879. doi: 10.1002/bab.1800. Epub 2019 Aug 16. PMID: 31342566. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/mulberry-for-melasma monthly 0.5 2026-01-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1768847307309-N0GK5AJEFP1MDD6Y3O8W/unsplash-image-m2LKk2QzUiU.jpg Blog - Mulberry for Melasma - A 2011 study found that a topical extract containing 75% mulberry was significantly more effective than placebo at improving melasma over 8 weeks. Melasma is a common skin condition typically characterized by brown spots on the face. Topical mulberry may cause itching among other side effects. Alvin G, Catambay N, Vergara A, Jamora MJ. A comparative study of the safety and efficacy of 75% mulberry (Morus alba) extract oil versus placebo as a topical treatment for melasma: a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Drugs Dermatol. 2011 Sep;10(9):1025-31. PMID: 22052272. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/schisandra-for-menopausal-symptoms monthly 0.5 2026-01-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/c8789d52-3300-43a0-a569-dcdd40432ec2/IMG_0052.png Blog - Schisandra for Menopausal Symptoms - A 2016 study found that an extract of schisandra chinensis was significantly more effective than placebo at reducing menopausal symptoms over 6 weeks. Symptoms of menopause included hot flushes, sweating, and heart palpitations. Schisandra may cause gastrointestinal or other side effects. Schisandra is not recommended during pregnancy as it may stimulate uterine contractions. Park JY, Kim KH. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of Schisandra chinensis for menopausal symptoms. Climacteric. 2016 Dec;19(6):574-580. doi: 10.1080/13697137.2016.1238453. Epub 2016 Oct 20. PMID: 27763802. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/sweet-wormwood-for-rheumatoid-arthritis monthly 0.5 2026-01-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/aefce18d-c02b-4432-a32f-69a6b2726bd0/IMG_0051.png Blog - Sweet Wormwood for Rheumatoid Arthritis - A 2017 study found that people with rheumatoid arthritis who took an extract of sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua) daily in addition to standard medications had significant improvement over standard medications alone during a 48 week period. There was significant improvement in number of painful joints, number of swollen joints and inflammatory markers. Another study found that sweet wormwood significantly improved symptoms of osteoarthritis over 12 weeks compared to placebo. Some people may be allergic to sweet wormwood or have other side effects. Plants in the genus Artemisia are not safe for use in pregnancy due to possible uterine contractions. Yang M, Guo MY, Luo Y, Yun MD, Yan J, Liu T, Xiao CH. Effect of Artemisia annua extract on treating active rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized controlled trial. Chin J Integr Med. 2017 Jul;23(7):496-503. doi: 10.1007/s11655-016-2650-7. Epub 2016 Dec 29. PMID: 28035541. Stebbings S, Beattie E, McNamara D, Hunt S. A pilot randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of an extract of Artemisia annua administered over 12 weeks, for managing pain, stiffness, and functional limitation associated with osteoarthritis of the hip and knee. Clin Rheumatol. 2016 Jul;35(7):1829-36. doi: 10.1007/s10067-015-3110-z. Epub 2015 Dec 3. PMID: 26631103. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/silvery-wormwood-for-functional-dyspepsia monthly 0.5 2026-01-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1768662976722-98L79D8HVLGFROA59ADJ/unsplash-image-wqFL7WQ6DFg.jpg Blog - Silvery Wormwood for Functional Dyspepsia - A 2025 study found that people taking a tablet containing 240mg of silvery wormwood (Artemisia argyi) daily had significant improvement in symptoms of functional dyspepsia compared to placebo over 12 weeks. Improvements were noted in bloating, acid reflux, and abdominal pain. Some people may be allergic to silvery wormwood or have other side effects. Plants in the genus Artemisia are not safe for use in pregnancy due to possible uterine contractions. Jin L, Yang EJ, Jiang HH, Han EH, Yun CH, Park SH, Lee IK, Choi JA, Lee DH, Na DH. Safety and efficacy of Artemisia argyi extract RW0117 for functional dyspepsia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. J Ethnopharmacol. 2025 Sep 25;353(Pt B):120428. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2025.120428. Epub 2025 Aug 13. PMID: 40816579. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/burdock-root-for-diverticulitis monthly 0.5 2026-01-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1768661009331-9XPX1VIWV67JLOAJH9NV/unsplash-image-zPwfpgFpGo8.jpg Blog - Burdock Root for Diverticulitis - A 2019 study found that people who drank 1.5g of Japanese burdock tea [Ajikan, Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan] three times daily had a significant reduction in recurrent colonic diverticulitis vs control over 5 years. Recurrence rates of acute colonic diverticulitis were 10.6% in the burdock tea group and 31.8% in the control group. Burdock root is thought to have an anti-inflammatory effect. Some people may be allergic to burdock or have other side effects. Mizuki A, Tatemichi M, Nakazawa A, Tsukada N, Nagata H, Kinoshita Y. Effects of Burdock tea on recurrence of colonic diverticulitis and diverticular bleeding: An open-labelled randomized clinical trial. Sci Rep. 2019 May 1;9(1):6793. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43236-0. PMID: 31043657; PMCID: PMC6494891. Chan YS, Cheng LN, Wu JH, Chan E, Kwan YW, Lee SM, Leung GP, Yu PH, Chan SW. A review of the pharmacological effects of Arctium lappa (burdock). Inflammopharmacology. 2011 Oct;19(5):245-54. doi: 10.1007/s10787-010-0062-4. Epub 2010 Oct 28. PMID: 20981575. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/yeast-probiotic-for-antibiotic-associated-diarrhea monthly 0.5 2026-01-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1768660200584-SRKBV8BG9P96N2R8D3N1/unsplash-image-yoTukrtsTDo.jpg Blog - Yeast Probiotic for Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea - A 2015 systemic review with meta-analysis found that a yeast probiotic containing Saccharomyces boulardii was significantly more effective than placebo or control at preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea in both children and adults. Studies have also found that Saccharomyces boulardii is significantly more effective than placebo at reducing recurrent Clostridium difficile infection over 4 weeks. Saccharomyces boulardii may cause stomach upset among other side effects. It may not be suitable for people who are immunocompromised. Szajewska H, Kołodziej M. Systematic review with meta-analysis: Saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015 Oct;42(7):793-801. doi: 10.1111/apt.13344. Epub 2015 Jul 27. PMID: 26216624. McFarland LV, Surawicz CM, Greenberg RN, Fekety R, Elmer GW, Moyer KA, Melcher SA, Bowen KE, Cox JL, Noorani Z, et al. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of Saccharomyces boulardii in combination with standard antibiotics for Clostridium difficile disease. JAMA. 1994 Jun 22-29;271(24):1913-8. Erratum in: JAMA 1994 Aug 17;272(7):518. PMID: 8201735. Surawicz CM, McFarland LV, Greenberg RN, Rubin M, Fekety R, Mulligan ME, Garcia RJ, Brandmarker S, Bowen K, Borjal D, Elmer GW. The search for a better treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile disease: use of high-dose vancomycin combined with Saccharomyces boulardii. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Oct;31(4):1012-7. doi: 10.1086/318130. Epub 2000 Oct 25. PMID: 11049785. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/marjoram-for-parkinsons-disease monthly 0.5 2026-01-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1768599540235-X3U5UQOZLUMCTBK76ISL/unsplash-image-XdsmMJPsx-A.jpg Blog - Marjoram for Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease - A 2021 study found that people with Parkinson’s disease who drank marjoram tea daily had significant improvement in non-motor symptoms and depression compared to placebo over 30 days. The effect is thought to be due to enhanced antioxidant defense. Marjoram is not suitable for long-term use as it contains hydroxyquinone, which may be carcinogenic (could cause cancer). Long-term studies are lacking and there may be other side effects. Chahra C, Anis H, Bissene D, Mejda S, Jihène M, Salma N, Manel N, Sana BA, Hedi K, Maha BF. The effect of Origanum majorana tea on motor and non-motor symptoms in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease: A randomized controlled pilot study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2021 Oct;91:23-27. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.08.013. Epub 2021 Aug 25. PMID: 34455218. Chahra C, Sawssen M, Anis H, Salma N, Manel N, Sana BA, Maha BF. Effect of Origanum majorana tea on oxidative stress biomarkers in Parkinson's disease: a randomized placebo-controlled pilot study. Neuroscience. 2025 Nov 10;587:139-145. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.047. Epub 2025 Oct 4. PMID: 41052623. “ABC Herbalgram Website.” Herbalgram.org, 2026, www.herbalgram.org/resources/commission-e-monographs/monograph-unapproved-herbs/marjoram/ https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/gymnema-may-reduce-sugar-cravings monthly 0.5 2026-01-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1768510455749-FPMYEFEPNWT3HUGZ716V/unsplash-image-qZ5lPCPvdXE.jpg Blog - Gymnema Sylvestre May Reduce Sweet Taste Perception - A 2020 study found that a Gymnema sylvestre mouth rinse used before sweets significantly reduced sweet taste intensity versus control. Gymnemic acids block sweet taste receptors on the tongue. Although, another study found that Gymnema may not necessarily affect behavioral intake of sweets. Gymnema may cause stomach upset among other, more serious, side effects. Long-term data and guidance on dosing is lacking. Kashima N, Kimura K, Nishitani N, Yamaoka Endo M, Fukuba Y, Kashima H. Suppression of Oral Sweet Sensations during Consumption of Sweet Food in Humans: Effects on Gastric Emptying Rate, Glycemic Response, Appetite, Food Satisfaction and Desire for Basic Tastes. Nutrients. 2020 Apr 28;12(5):1249. doi: 10.3390/nu12051249. PMID: 32353974; PMCID: PMC7282028. Turner S, Diako C, Kruger R, Wong M, Wood W, Rutherfurd-Markwick K, Stice E, Ali A. The Effect of a 14-Day gymnema sylvestre Intervention to Reduce Sugar Cravings in Adults. Nutrients. 2022 Dec 12;14(24):5287. doi: 10.3390/nu14245287. PMID: 36558446; PMCID: PMC9788288. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/black-seeds-may-improve-polycystic-ovarian-syndrome monthly 0.5 2026-01-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1768427119671-ZG3W7KBCS2SABELA8U47/unsplash-image-V_9PXtT5NDU.jpg Blog - Black Seeds May Improve Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome - A 2024 study found that 1000mg of black seeds (Nigella sativa) taken daily was significantly more effective than medroxyprogesterone (a type of contraceptive) at improving symptoms of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) over 16 weeks in adolescents. PCOS symptoms included hirsutism, menstrual irregularities and hormone levels. Another study showed significant improvement in premenstrual syndrome with black seeds vs placebo after 2 months. Long-term use and high doses of black seeds may cause stomach upset among other, possible serious, side effects. Mahmoudian A, Ashouri A, Bilandi RR, Mohammadzadeh F, Dashti S, Bahri N. The possible short-term of Nigella sativa - L in the management of adolescent polycystic ovarian syndrome: results of a randomized controlled trial. J Ovarian Res. 2024 Jul 12;17(1):144. doi: 10.1186/s13048-024-01460-x. PMID: 38997723; PMCID: PMC11242022. Afrin F, Neela MM, Islam A, Islam MR, Hossain MM. Nigella sativa Seeds Ease Severity of Premenstrual Syndrome in Women: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Study. Biomed Res Int. 2025 Nov 19;2025:9811666. doi: 10.1155/bmri/9811666. PMID: 41267796; PMCID: PMC12628082. Kemal Sener, Adem Cakir, Onder Yesiloglu, Ertugrul Altug, Ramazan Guven, Semih Korkut, Rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury after consumption of black seed oil, Toxicon, Volume 245, 2024, 107787, ISSN 0041-0101, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107787. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/calendula-cream-for-contact-dermatitis monthly 0.5 2026-01-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1768426460301-P6X2KLMR2V5NJ983SC5G/unsplash-image-fCz250jD570.jpg Blog - Calendula Cream for Contact Dermatitis - A 2025 study found that a 1% cream of calendula was significantly more effective than placebo at improving hydration and skin barrier integrity over 8 days in people with contact dermatitis. Studies have also shown significantly faster wound healing and reduced wound pain with topical calendula. Some people may be allergic to calendula. Crnčević MŠ, Durdov T, Rušić D, Ramić L, Ćosić A, Bukić J, Jokić S, Aladić K. Double-blind randomised controlled trial of an emollient cream with and without 1 % supercritical CO2 extract of Calendula officinalis in contact dermatitis. Acta Pharm. 2026 Jan 13;75(4):699-708. doi: 10.2478/acph-2025-0035. PMID: 41527980. Giostri GS, Novak EM, Buzzi M, Guarita-Souza LC. Treatment of acute wounds in hand with Calendula officinalis L.: A randomized trial. Tissue Barriers. 2022 Jul 3;10(3):1994822. doi: 10.1080/21688370.2021.1994822. Epub 2021 Oct 21. Erratum in: Tissue Barriers. 2022 Jul 3;10(3):2056359. doi: 10.1080/21688370.2022.2056359. PMID: 34674610; PMCID: PMC9359387. De Angelis C, Di Stadio A, Vitale S, Saccone G, Angelis MC, Zizolfi B, Di Spiezio Sardo A. Use of calendula ointment after episiotomy: a randomized clinical trial. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022 May;35(10):1860-1864. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1770219. Epub 2020 May 27. PMID: 32460565. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/saffron-for-sleep monthly 0.5 2026-01-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1768318764924-Q204EELI1YEFNVD9G37G/unsplash-image-asKHlzqo4t0.jpg Blog - Saffron for Sleep - A 2025 study found that 30mg of saffron taken daily significantly improved subjective and objective measures of sleep quality in adults 55-85 years old over 4 weeks compared to placebo. Saffron contains crocin and safranal; both of which may enhance non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep. Saffron may also improve symptoms of depression and anxiety. High doses may cause headaches, nausea or other side effects. Lang L, Ditton A, Stanescu A, Jainani V, McArthur S, Pourtau L, Gaudout D, Pontifex MG, Tsigarides J, Steward T, Sami S, Muller M, Hornberger M, Vauzour D, Lazar AS. A standardised saffron extract improves subjective and objective sleep quality in healthy older adults with sleep complaints: results from the gut-sleep-brain axis randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Food Funct. 2025 Aug 26;16(17):6817-6832. doi: 10.1039/d5fo00917k. PMID: 40762630. Lopresti AL, Smith SJ, Marx W, Díez-Municio M, Morán-Valero MI. An Examination into the Effects of a Saffron Extract (Affron) on Mood and General Wellbeing in Adults Experiencing Low Mood: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Nutr. 2025 Jul;155(7):2300-2311. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.024. Epub 2025 May 23. PMID: 40414301. Dormal V, Suchareau M, Copine S, Simar L, Deldicque L. The Effects of Combined Scutellaria and Saffron Supplementation on Mood Regulation in Participants with Mild-to-Moderate Depressive Symptoms: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients. 2025 Feb 26;17(5):809. doi: 10.3390/nu17050809. PMID: 40077679; PMCID: PMC11901551. Bostan HB, Mehri S, Hosseinzadeh H. Toxicology effects of saffron and its constituents: a review. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2017 Feb;20(2):110-121. doi: 10.22038/ijbms.2017.8230. PMID: 28293386; PMCID: PMC5339650. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/bilberry-chokeberry-and-honeysuckle-berry-may-improve-visual-acuity monthly 0.5 2026-01-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1768170771853-SQLX5HJVN109ZY867KLJ/unsplash-image-S7f-_D4Z5BE.jpg Blog - Bilberry, Chokeberry and Honeysuckle Berry May Improve Visual Acuity - A 2024 study found that an extract of chokeberry, honeysuckle berry and bilberry was significantly more effective than placebo at improving visual acuity in people over 50 years old with presbyopia who spend much of their working hours in front of screens. These berries are rich in anthocyanins, a type of antioxidant. They are thought to be anti-inflammatory and work by increasing biosynthesis of rhodopsin, modulating activity of retina enzymes, and improving microcirculation. These berries may cause digestive or other side effects and could affect the enzymes that metabolize certain medications. Szumny D, Kucharska AZ, Czajor K, Bernacka K, Ziółkowska S, Krzyżanowska-Berkowska P, Magdalan J, Misiuk-Hojło M, Sozański T, Szeląg A. Extract from Aronia melanocarpa, Lonicera caerulea, and Vaccinium myrtillus Improves near Visual Acuity in People with Presbyopia. Nutrients. 2024 Mar 23;16(7):926. doi: 10.3390/nu16070926. PMID: 38612968; PMCID: PMC11013737. Nevin Sanlier, Ezgi Nur Cinar, Aronia Berry (Aronia melanocarpa L.) as a Bioactive Treasure: Insights into Its Health-Promoting Effects, Journal of Functional Foods, Volume 135, 2025, 107116, ISSN 1756-4646, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2025.107116. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/mastic-gum-for-heartburn monthly 0.5 2026-01-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1768163523580-W9N2NGQLSA7Z9T989LNX/unsplash-image-XChsbHDigQM.jpg Blog - Mastic Gum for Heartburn - A 2025 study found that 1.4g of resin from the mastic tree taken daily was significantly more effective than placebo at improving functional dyspepsia over 4 weeks. Functional dyspepsia included abdominal bloating and heartburn. The word masticate (to chew) is likely derived from the name of this tree located on the island of Chios in Greece. The famous Greek physician Hippocrates also noted the therapeutic properties of mastic resin. Mastic gum may even be effective for gastric ulcers. Kleftaki SA, Amerikanou C, Tzavara C, Biagki T, Sigala D, Bouziou A, Zouboulaki S, Koutsia A, Smyrnioudis EV, Anapliotis P, Kaliora AC. A randomized, three-way crossover clinical trial on the efficacy of Mastiha based therapies (Pistacia lentiscus var. Chia) in functional dyspepsia. Pharmacol Res. 2025 Dec;222:108019. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2025.108019. Epub 2025 Nov 4. PMID: 41197785. Dabos KJ, Sfika E, Vlatta LJ, Frantzi D, Amygdalos GI, Giannikopoulos G. Is Chios mastic gum effective in the treatment of functional dyspepsia? A prospective randomised double-blind placebo controlled trial. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 Feb 3;127(2):205-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.11.021. Epub 2009 Dec 2. PMID: 19961914. Blomquist SA, Fernandez ML. Chios Mastic Gum: A Promising Phytotherapeutic for Cardiometabolic Health. Nutrients. 2024 Sep 2;16(17):2941. doi: 10.3390/nu16172941. PMID: 39275256; PMCID: PMC11397435. Huwez FU, Thirlwell D, Cockayne A, Ala'Aldeen DA. Mastic gum kills Helicobacter pylori. N Engl J Med. 1998 Dec 24;339(26):1946. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199812243392618. PMID: 9874617. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/chasteberry-for-premenstrual-syndrome monthly 0.5 2026-01-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1768061486803-JUU1HOQ4F27G5OECX1ZY/unsplash-image-VFt3aLFVl2M.jpg Blog - Chasteberry for Premenstrual Syndrome - A 2012 study found that a 20mg extract of chasteberry taken daily over 3 menstrual cycles was significantly more effective than placebo at reducing symptoms of premenstrual syndrome. Premenstrual syndrome was assessed by reported levels of irritability, mood alteration, anger, headache, bloating and breast fullness. The German Commission E, an expert committee in Germany to assess herbs, has approved chasteberry use for menstrual irregularities, premenstrual syndrome and cyclical breast discomfort. Chasteberry may cause dry mouth, dizziness or stomach upset among other side effects. Schellenberg R, Zimmermann C, Drewe J, Hoexter G, Zahner C. Dose-dependent efficacy of the Vitex agnus castus extract Ze 440 in patients suffering from premenstrual syndrome. Phytomedicine. 2012 Nov 15;19(14):1325-31. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.08.006. Epub 2012 Sep 28. PMID: 23022391. Blumenthal M. German Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices. Commission E. Herbal Medicine: expanded Commission E monographs. 1st ed. Newton, Mass.: Integrative Medicine Communications, 2000. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/n-acetylcysteine-for-cocaine-dependence monthly 0.5 2026-01-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1767835957094-QO21H52TOD8RS0RCL1XC/unsplash-image-y6r0r77k4ek.jpg Blog - N-Acetylcysteine for Cocaine Dependence - A 2020 study found that 1200mg of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) taken three times daily significantly reduced cocaine-seeking behavior compared to placebo over 1 week. Another study showed that people taking NAC were significantly more likely to remain abstinent from cocaine compared to those taking placebo. NAC may cause nausea among other side effects. Woodcock EA, Lundahl LH, Khatib D, Stanley JA, Greenwald MK. N-acetylcysteine reduces cocaine-seeking behavior and anterior cingulate glutamate/glutamine levels among cocaine-dependent individuals. Addict Biol. 2021 Mar;26(2):e12900. doi: 10.1111/adb.12900. Epub 2020 Mar 24. PMID: 32212237; PMCID: PMC10369173. LaRowe SD, Kalivas PW, Nicholas JS, Randall PK, Mardikian PN, Malcolm RJ. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of cocaine dependence. Am J Addict. 2013 Sep-Oct;22(5):443-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2013.12034.x. Epub 2013 May 15. PMID: 23952889; PMCID: PMC4348575. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/alpha-lipoic-acid-for-diabetic-peripheral-neuropathy monthly 0.5 2026-01-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1767834851884-4OSXTIMZQGTZCMBTYHDS/unsplash-image-OgvqXGL7XO4.jpg Blog - Alpha Lipoic Acid for Peripheral Neuropathy - A 2020 study found that 600mg of alpha lipoic acid (an antioxidant) taken twice daily was significantly more effective than placebo at treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy over 6 months. Other studies have shown that alpha lipoic acid, in combination with the medication ipidacrine hydrochloride, may prevent peripheral neuropathy caused by a type of chemotherapy. Alpha lipoic acid may cause nausea among other side effects. El-Nahas MR, Elkannishy G, Abdelhafez H, Elkhamisy ET, El-Sehrawy AA. Oral Alpha Lipoic Acid Treatment for Symptomatic Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Study. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2020;20(9):1531-1534. doi: 10.2174/1871530320666200506081407. PMID: 32370731. Holotiuk IS, Kryzhanivska AY, Holotiuk SI, Holotiuk VV, Maliborska SV. EFFECTIVENESS OF ALPHA-LIPOIC ACID AND IPIDACRINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN PREVENTION OF PACLITAXEL-INDUCED PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY ASSESSED BY ELECTRONEUROMYOGRAPHY OF SUPERFICIAL PERONEAL AND SURAL NERVES. Exp Oncol. 2022 Dec;44(4):300-306. doi: 10.32471/exp-oncology.2312-8852.vol-44-no-4.19030. PMID: 36811539. Holotiuk I, Kryzhanivska A, Holotiuk S, Teren T, Hirna H. PREVENTION OF PACLITAXEL-INDUCED MOTOR NEUROPATHY OF FIBULAR AND TIBIAL NERVES WITH ALPHA-LIPOIC ACID AND IPIDACRIN HYDROCHLORIDE IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS. Exp Oncol. 2025 Oct 7;47(2):230-237. doi: 10.15407/exp-oncology.2025.02.230. PMID: 41058457. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/medical-marijuana-for-alzheimers-disease monthly 0.5 2026-01-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1767823546309-WQUSH7GHVAI2KPHLG7WU/unsplash-image-BmVUVmWNJc8.jpg Blog - Medical Marijuana for Alzheimer’s Disease - A 2025 study found that a low dose oral cannabis extract (0.350 mg of THC and 0.245 mg of CBD) was significantly more effective than placebo at improving cognitive assessment scores over 26 weeks in people ages 60-80 years old with Alzheimer’s disease. Marijuana can cause lightheadedness, nausea or other side effects. It can also significantly interact with certain medications like Warfarin. Marijuana is not recommended for people at increased risk for psychosis. Marijuana is not safe during pregnancy. Marijuana is federally illegal. Cury RM, da Silva T, Cezar-Dos-Santos F, Fakih YRC, Narvaez KAR, Gouvea MC, Espínola C, Ferreira CF, de Castro WAC, Pamplona FA, Silva EGD, Bicca MA, Nascimento FP. A randomized clinical trial of low-dose cannabis extract in Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2025 Dec;108(4):1602-1613. doi: 10.1177/13872877251389608. Epub 2025 Oct 29. PMID: 41160460. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/quercetin-butterbur-for-allergies monthly 0.5 2026-01-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1767715237024-2J0W66SLU39E61J159VT/unsplash-image-yfXN1I5Ej1M.jpg Blog - Quercetin for Seasonal Allergies - A 2022 study found that 200mg of quercetin daily significantly improved seasonal allergy symptoms compared to placebo over 4 weeks. Quercetin is a flavonoid commonly found in vegetables. It is thought to have anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting mast cell activity and histamine release. Another study found that quercetin was similarly effective in children. Prolonged intake and high doses could cause stomach discomfort among other side effects. Yamada S, Shirai M, Inaba Y, Takara T. Effects of repeated oral intake of a quercetin-containing supplement on allergic reaction: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind parallel-group study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2022 Jun;26(12):4331-4345. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202206_29072. PMID: 35776034. Marseglia G, Licari A, Leonardi S, Papale M, Zicari AM, Schiavi L, Ciprandi G; Italian Study Group on Pediatric Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis. A polycentric, randomized, parallel-group, study on Lertal®, a multicomponent nutraceutical, as preventive treatment in children with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis: phase II. Ital J Pediatr. 2019 Jul 18;45(1):84. doi: 10.1186/s13052-019-0678-y. PMID: 31319883; PMCID: PMC6637471. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/feverfew-for-migraines monthly 0.5 2026-01-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1767651273000-3N1LMIL7YM27LUIE9W6H/unsplash-image-rC4BpmsoHQs.jpg Blog - Feverfew for Migraines - A 2005 study found that an extract of feverfew 6.25mg taken three times per day was significantly more effective than placebo at reducing the number of migraines per month over a period of 4 months. Feverfew may be less effective than typical medications used for migraine prevention, but side effects in trials have been fewer and less severe. Feverfew can cause gastrointestinal issues among other side effects. Feverfew is not safe to take during pregnancy. Diener HC, Pfaffenrath V, Schnitker J, Friede M, Henneicke-von Zepelin HH. Efficacy and safety of 6.25 mg t.i.d. feverfew CO2-extract (MIG-99) in migraine prevention--a randomized, double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled study. Cephalalgia. 2005 Nov;25(11):1031-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2005.00950.x. PMID: 16232154. NCCIH. “Feverfew.” NCCIH, Dec. 2020, www.nccih.nih.gov/health/feverfew. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/ashwagandha-for-anxiety monthly 0.5 2026-01-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1767286029204-USZGNT9T441UJQ3XDJUB/unsplash-image-8N1eixz3M7c.jpg Blog - Ashwagandha for Anxiety and Depression - A 2025 study found that a 125mg extract of ashwagandha root significantly improved anxiety and stress scores on questionnaire compared to placebo over 84 days. Another study in 2024 found that a 500mg standardized extract of ashwagandha root daily significantly improved mild to moderate anxiety and depression vs placebo over 90 days. Ashwagandha is thought to increase serotonin levels. Ashwagandha may cause gastrointestinal issues among other side effects. Prolonged use at high doses can lead to liver injury. Mahadevan M, Gopukumar K, Gupta R, Morde A, Patni P, Srinivas SS, Bhuvanendran A, Phanindra A. A New Ashwagandha Formulation (Zenroot™) Alleviates Stress and Anxiety Symptoms While Improving Mood and Sleep Quality: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study. Adv Ther. 2025 Oct;42(10):5238-5254. doi: 10.1007/s12325-025-03327-z. Epub 2025 Aug 28. PMID: 40875185; PMCID: PMC12474591. Majeed M, Nagabhushanam K, Murali A, Vishwanathan DT, Mamidala RV, Mundkur L. A Standardized Withania somnifera (Linn.) Root Extract with Piperine Alleviates the Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression by Increasing Serotonin Levels: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study. J Integr Complement Med. 2024 May;30(5):459-468. doi: 10.1089/jicm.2023.0279. Epub 2023 Oct 25. PMID: 37878284. “Office of Dietary Supplements - Ashwagandha: Is It Helpful for Stress, Anxiety, or Sleep?” Ods.od.nih.gov, ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Ashwagandha-HealthProfessional/. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/silicone-for-scars monthly 0.5 2026-01-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1767284748543-FFUYXQ1BQGP67B6LQLH3/unsplash-image-dHA4GoatDFQ.jpg Blog - Silicone for Scars - Studies have shown that topical silicone can improve scar appearance. A 2019 study found that a new cream of highly selective growth factors in a silicone matrix leads to significantly better improvement in postsurgical scar appearance vs silicone alone over 12 weeks. A 2020 study also found that a similar cream containing growth factors and vitamins can significantly improve hyperpigmentation vs standard therapy. Topical silicone may cause irritation among other side effects. Christopher I Zoumalan, Shiva C Tadayon, Jason Roostaeian, Anthony M Rossi, Allen Gabriel, Safety and Efficacy of a Scar Cream Consisting of Highly Selective Growth Factors Within a Silicone Cream Matrix: A Double-Blinded, Randomized, Multicenter Study, Aesthetic Surgery Journal, Volume 39, Issue 3, March 2019, Pages 319–330, https://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjy185 Kalasho BD, Minokadeh A, Zhang-Nunes S, Zoumalan RA, Shemirani NL, Waldman AR, Pletzer V, Zoumalan CI. Evaluating the safety and efficacy of a new topical formulation for hyperpigmentation consisting of highly selective growth factors, tranexamic acid, and other ingredients to hydroquinone 4%: a prospective, randomized, controlled split face study. J Cosmet Sci. 2020 Sep/Oct;71(5):263-290. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/frankincense-for-osteoarthritis monthly 0.5 2026-01-03 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1767283436393-TLOO7H18T570KIE187EL/unsplash-image-1LchzxYB2oI.jpg Blog - Frankincense for Osteoarthritis - A 2025 study found that a standardized resin extract of frankincense (Boswellia serrata) 100mg daily was significantly more effective than placebo at improving pain and function in people with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis over 180 days. Pain and function were assessed with questionnaires and physical testing. MRI also seemed to show increases in cartilage volume, thickness, and joint space width with frankincense. Another 2025 study found that frankincense resin (300mg) and celery seed extract (250mg) was also more effective than placebo at improving symptoms in people with knee osteoarthritis over 90 days. Frankincense can cause gastrointestinal symptoms among other side effects. Prolonged use at high doses can lead to rare but serious electrolyte imbalances. Kumar B, Ghaytidak AB, Pandey AK, Somepalli RR, Sarda P, Raychaudhuri SP, Rokkam MP. A Standardized Boswellia serrata Extract Improves Knee Joint Function and Cartilage Morphology in Human Volunteers with Mild to Moderate Osteoarthritis in a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study. J Am Nutr Assoc. 2025 Jul;44(5):375-386. doi: 10.1080/27697061.2024.2438894. Epub 2024 Dec 19. PMID: 39700461. Vaidya N, Agarwal R, Dipankar DG, Patkar H, Ganu G, Nagore D, Godse C, Mehta A, Mehta D, Nair S. Efficacy and Safety of Boswellia serrata and Apium graveolens L. Extract Against Knee Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Degeneration: A Randomized, Double-blind, Multicenter, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Pharm Res. 2025 Feb;42(2):249-269. doi: 10.1007/s11095-025-03818-2. Epub 2025 Jan 28. PMID: 39875757; PMCID: PMC11880083. Finsterer J. Boswellia serrata intoxication manifesting with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, hyponatremia, seizure, and rhabdomyolysis. Crit Care Sci. 2024 Jun 24;36:e20240049en. doi: 10.62675/2965-2774.20240049-en. PMID: 38922237; PMCID: PMC11152439. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/yarrow-for-multiple-sclerosis monthly 0.5 2026-01-02 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1767200429972-681LHWOK384C6TVWR2JG/unsplash-image-PRWPNWnS4eU.jpg Blog - Yarrow for Multiple Sclerosis - A 2019 study found that yarrow significantly decreased the annual relapse rate more than placebo over 1 year, in addition to standard treatment, for people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. The 500mg daily dose of yarrow also significantly decreased the mean volume change of lesions on MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). Yarrow improved cognitive performance and increased time to first relapse compared to placebo. Yarrow is not safe to use in pregnancy. Yarrow can cause an allergic reaction, digestive issues or other side effects. Ayoobi F, Moghadam-Ahmadi A, Amiri H, Vakilian A, Heidari M, Farahmand H, Fathollahi MS, Fatemi I, Shafiei SA, Alahtavakoli M, Shamsizadeh A. Achillea millefolium is beneficial as an add-on therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytomedicine. 2019 Jan;52:89-97. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.06.017. Epub 2018 Jun 27. PMID: 30599916. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/topical-chamomile-for-diabetic-neuropathy monthly 0.5 2026-01-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1767195686875-6I8INBSPMXHM6B0PUK4U/unsplash-image-Iwn2pH25VKQ.jpg Blog - Topical Chamomile for Diabetic Neuropathy and Carpal Tunnel - A 2025 study found that topical chamomile oil significantly improved diabetic neuropathy when added to standard medication therapy with gabapentin as compared to placebo oil with gabapentin. Improvement was measured with neurothesiometer (vibration perception) and questionnaires. Similarly, a 2017 study found that topical chamomile oil significantly improved mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome vs placebo in addition to wrist splint over 4 weeks. Compound latency of the median nerve in the chamomile oil group significantly decreased compared to placebo. Some people may be allergic to chamomile and this can be severe in rare cases. Chamomile can also cause drowsiness, gastrointestinal issues or other side effects. Amiri M, Imani MH, Imani AH, Bazrafshan H, Bazrafshan M, Vardanjani HM, Zohalinezhad ME. Topical chamomile oil as a novel therapeutic intervention for diabetic neuropathy: A randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial. Explore (NY). 2025 Jul-Aug;21(4):103189. doi: 10.1016/j.explore.2025.103189. Epub 2025 May 16. PMID: 40440968. Hashempur MH, Ghasemi MS, Daneshfard B, Ghoreishi PS, Lari ZN, Homayouni K, Zargaran A. Efficacy of topical chamomile oil for mild and moderate carpal tunnel syndrome: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2017 Feb;26:61-67. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2016.11.010. Epub 2016 Nov 30. PMID: 28107852. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/valerian-root-may-improve-insomnia-and-anxiety monthly 0.5 2026-01-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1767192478736-XSRXZ1418EWUKW7OAALJ/unsplash-image-zTo8OJk_v_0.jpg Blog - Valerian Root May Improve Insomnia and Anxiety - A 2024 study found that Valerian extract significantly improved subjective sleep quality, measured sleep latency and sleep efficiency, and subjective anxiety after 56 days compared to placebo. Total sleep time also improved as measured by polysomnography. Valerian has been used with apparent safety for up to 6 weeks in doses of 300-600 milligrams daily. Valerian may cause headache, stomach upset or other side effects. Withdrawal symptoms are possible with prolonged use. Insomnia is complex and it’s always important to address the underlying cause. Chandra Shekhar H, Joshua L, Thomas JV. Standardized Extract of Valeriana officinalis Improves Overall Sleep Quality in Human Subjects with Sleep Complaints: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Study. Adv Ther. 2024 Jan;41(1):246-261. doi: 10.1007/s12325-023-02708-6. Epub 2023 Oct 30. PMID: 37899385; PMCID: PMC10796483. “Valerian.” NCCIH, Oct. 2020, www.nccih.nih.gov/health/valerian. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/turkey-tail-mushroom-cancer monthly 0.5 2026-01-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1766936059995-9V0EZ8MEW66P0NB2L6NN/unsplash-image-c7KfZ6ZM3EU.jpg Blog - Turkey Tail Mushroom May Improve Survival for Cancer Patients - Studies in Asia have found improvements in survival with turkey tail mushroom for breast, gastric, colorectal, and lung cancers. Turkey tail mushroom is thought to enhance your own immune response to cancer. Polysaccharide K (PSK), an extract of turkey tail mushroom, is widely used in Japan in addition to standard cancer treatments. Turkey tail mushroom may cause dark stools among other side effects (although these cannot be distinguished from chemotherapy side effects). Eliza WL, Fai CK, Chung LP. Efficacy of Yun Zhi (Coriolus versicolor) on survival in cancer patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov. 2012 Jan;6(1):78-87. doi: 10.2174/187221312798889310. PMID: 22185453. Fritz H, Kennedy DA, Ishii M, Fergusson D, Fernandes R, Cooley K, Seely D. Polysaccharide K and Coriolus versicolor extracts for lung cancer: a systematic review. Integr Cancer Ther. 2015 May;14(3):201-11. doi: 10.1177/1534735415572883. Epub 2015 Mar 17. PMID: 25784670. “Coriolus Versicolor | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.” Www.mskcc.org, www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/integrative-medicine/herbs/coriolus-versicolor. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/gingko-biloba-for-tardive-dyskinesia monthly 0.5 2025-12-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1766934061553-AFI2RK9FV1SB76R3CH43/unsplash-image-_GaAZzssQwk.jpg Blog - Gingko Biloba for Dementia, Tardive Dyskinesia and Tinnitus - A 2012 study showed that a 240mg extract of Gingko biloba was significantly more effective at improving cognition than placebo at 24 weeks in patients with mild to moderate dementia. Studies have also shown Gingko biloba may improve tinnitus (ear ringing). A 2024 study found Gingko biloba was significantly more effective than placebo at reducing symptoms of tardive dyskinesa (a neurological side effect of psychiatric medications) at 12 weeks. Ginkgo biloba may boost antioxidant enzyme activity and may improve circulation. Gingko biloba can interact with many medications. Gingko biloba can cause headache, dizziness, stomach upset or other side effects. Herrschaft H, Nacu A, Likhachev S, Sholomov I, Hoerr R, Schlaefke S. Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® in dementia with neuropsychiatric features: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial to confirm the efficacy and safety of a daily dose of 240 mg. J Psychiatr Res. 2012 Jun;46(6):716-23. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.03.003. Epub 2012 Mar 27. PMID: 22459264. Wang D, Tian Y, Chen J, Zhu R, Li J, Zhou H, Chen D, Wang L, Kosten TR, Zhang XY. Ginkgo biloba for Tardive Dyskinesia and Plasma MnSOD Activity: Association with MnSOD Ala-9Val Variant: A Randomized, Double-blind Trial. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2024;22(14):2443-2452. doi: 10.2174/1570159X22666240530095721. PMID: 38919004; PMCID: PMC11451319. Radunz CL, Okuyama CE, Branco-Barreiro FCA, Pereira RMS, Diniz SN. Clinical randomized trial study of hearing aids effectiveness in association with Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on tinnitus improvement. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2020 Nov-Dec;86(6):734-742. doi: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2019.05.003. Epub 2019 Jun 18. PMID: 31300303; PMCID: PMC9422696. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/methylfolate-for-depression monthly 0.5 2025-12-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1766853500300-L1FIMY458TA3TGP22LX4/unsplash-image-oWR6K86F7uk.jpg Blog - Methylfolate for Depression - A 2014 study found that 15mg of L-methylfolate daily was significantly more effective at treating selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI medication) resistant depression than placebo over 60 days. Another 2014 study did not show any benefit from adding 5mg of folic acid (not methylated) vs placebo to anti-depressant medication over 12 weeks in patients with moderate to severe depression. High folic acid intake may mask vitamin B12 deficiency, affect medication levels, or have other side effects. Papakostas GI, Shelton RC, Zajecka JM, Bottiglieri T, Roffman J, Cassiello C, Stahl SM, Fava M. Effect of adjunctive L-methylfolate 15 mg among inadequate responders to SSRIs in depressed patients who were stratified by biomarker levels and genotype: results from a randomized clinical trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2014 Aug;75(8):855-63. doi: 10.4088/JCP.13m08947. PMID: 24813065. Bedson E, Bell D, Carr D, Carter B, Hughes D, Jorgensen A, Lewis H, Lloyd K, McCaddon A, Moat S, Pink J, Pirmohamed M, Roberts S, Russell I, Sylvestre Y, Tranter R, Whitaker R, Wilkinson C, Williams N. Folate Augmentation of Treatment--Evaluation for Depression (FolATED): randomised trial and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2014 Jul;18(48):vii-viii, 1-159. doi: 10.3310/hta18480. PMID: 25052890; PMCID: PMC4780991. National Institutes of Health. “Office of Dietary Supplements - Folate.” Nih.gov, National Institutes of Health, 2022, ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Folate-HealthProfessional/. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/selenium-may-treat-hashimotos-disease-or-hypothyroidism monthly 0.5 2025-12-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1766678167450-JS96TPE4F8C9J8J06SBD/unsplash-image-reMHRyt0Hsg.jpg Blog - Selenium for Hashimoto’s (Autoimmune) Thyroiditis and Hypothyroidism - A 2016 study found that significantly more patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (thyroid stimulating hormone TSH below 10 mU/L) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (thyroid peroxidase TPO antibodies) taking 83 mcg selenomethionine daily restored euthyroidism (TSH normalized) vs controls (31.3% vs 3.1%) over 4 months. TPO antibodies also significantly decreased in patients taking selenomethionine vs controls. Another study in 2017 found that L-selenomethionine plus 600mg myo- inositol was more effective than L-selenomethionine at decreasing TPO antibodies and improving TSH. Brazil nuts are one of the highest natural sources of selenium. The thyroid contains many selenium dependent proteins that help protect it from damaging free oxygen radicals and help with local activation of thyroid hormones. At high doses (> 400mcg daily), selenium can cause stomach discomfort, rash, fatigue or other side effects. Inositol can also cause stomach upset among other side effects. Nordio M, Basciani S. Myo-inositol plus selenium supplementation restores euthyroid state in Hashimoto's patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2017 Jun;21(2 Suppl):51-59. PMID: 28724185. Pirola I, Gandossi E, Agosti B, Delbarba A, Cappelli C. Selenium supplementation could restore euthyroidism in subclinical hypothyroid patients with autoimmune thyroiditis. Endokrynol Pol. 2016;67(6):567-571. doi: 10.5603/EP.2016.0064. PMID: 28042649. “Office of Dietary Supplements - Selenium.” Nih.gov, 2025, ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Selenium-HealthProfessional https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/astragalus-for-anti-aging monthly 0.5 2025-12-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1766675688161-Q7IKU2P4V18XXNTYZUJX/unsplash-image-2OuyzKOhbN4.jpg Blog - Astragalus for Anti-Aging - A 2024 study found an astragalus supplement significantly increased telomere length in middle-aged volunteers compared to placebo over 6 months. Telomeres are the protective ends of chromosomes. Shorter telomeres have been linked to more than a threefold higher risk of dying from heart disease. Astragalus is thought to increase telomerase activity (an enzyme that lengthens telomeres). Astragalus may cause stomach discomfort among other side effects. de Jaeger C, Kruiskamp S, Voronska E, Lamberti C, Baramki H, Beaudeux JL, Cherin P. A Natural Astragalus-Based Nutritional Supplement Lengthens Telomeres in a Middle-Aged Population: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients. 2024 Sep 3;16(17):2963. doi: 10.3390/nu16172963. PMID: 39275278; PMCID: PMC11397652. Cawthon, R.M.; Smith, K.; O’brien, E.; Sivatchenko, A.; Kerber, R.A. Association between telomere length in blood and mortality in people aged 60 years or older. Lancet 2003, 361, 393–395. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/berberine-can-reduce-risk-of-colon-polyps monthly 0.5 2026-01-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1766371175478-XILV5JM7R8GDT99RJW8Q/unsplash-image-4FBoRjXrQ3k.jpg Blog - Berberine Can Reduce Risk of Colon Polyps - A 2020 study showed that berberine 0.3mg twice daily reduced the number of recurrent colon adenomas compared to placebo during a 2 year period. Colonoscopies were performed annually. Of the 553 patients receiving berberine, 36% developed recurrent adenomas vs 47% in the placebo group of 555 patients. The most common side effect of berberine was constipation, which occured in 1% of patients. Berberine can also cause nausea and stomach discomfort. There were no serious adverse events reported. Chen YX, Gao QY, Zou TH, Wang BM, Liu SD, Sheng JQ, Ren JL, Zou XP, Liu ZJ, Song YY, Xiao B, Sun XM, Dou XT, Cao HL, Yang XN, Li N, Kang Q, Zhu W, Xu HZ, Chen HM, Cao XC, Fang JY. Berberine versus placebo for the prevention of recurrence of colorectal adenoma: a multicentre, double-blinded, randomised controlled study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020 Mar;5(3):267-275. doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(19)30409-1. Epub 2020 Jan 8. PMID: 31926918. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/fenugreek-seeds-for-perimenopausal-hot-flashes monthly 0.5 2025-12-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1766354304076-4L7VYDX5LXKDKB1E6SQH/unsplash-image-rzrfWXiEWVc.jpg Blog - Fenugreek Seeds for Perimenopausal Hot Flashes - A 2017 study showed that 600mg of Fenugreek seed extract daily significantly improved vasomotor, psychosocial and sexual symptoms of menopause at 12 weeks compared to placebo. Another study published in 2020 also showed significant improvement in menopausal symptoms with fenugreek extract vs placebo. Fenugreek may also improve glycemic control. Fenugreek is not safe to use during pregnancy. Fenugreek can cause stomach discomfort among other side effects. Khanna A, John F, Das S, Thomas J, Rao J, Maliakel B, Im K. Efficacy of a novel extract of fenugreek seeds in alleviating vasomotor symptoms and depression in perimenopausal women: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. J Food Biochem. 2020 Dec;44(12):e13507. doi: 10.1111/jfbc.13507. Epub 2020 Oct 6. PMID: 33025616. Steels E, Steele ML, Harold M, Coulson S. Efficacy of a Proprietary Trigonella foenum-graecum L. De-Husked Seed Extract in Reducing Menopausal Symptoms in Otherwise Healthy Women: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study. Phytother Res. 2017 Sep;31(9):1316-1322. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5856. Epub 2017 Jul 14. PMID: 28707431. Kim J, Noh W, Kim A, Choi Y, Kim YS. The Effect of Fenugreek in Type 2 Diabetes and Prediabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Sep 12;24(18):13999. doi: 10.3390/ijms241813999. PMID: 37762302; PMCID: PMC10531284. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. (2020). Fenugreek. NCCIH. https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/fenugreek https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/hibiscus-for-high-blood-pressure monthly 0.5 2025-12-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1766353197062-CGYZ3I6B0JVVYRYKH21X/unsplash-image-lxciZ7f_PA0.jpg Blog - Hibiscus for High Blood Pressure - A 2007 study showed that Hibiscus sabdariffa (standardized to 250 mg anthocyanins) significantly reduced blood pressure over 4 weeks in hypertensive patients. The effect was slightly less than lisinopril 10mg (12% vs 15% reduction). It is thought to work by similarly inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme and may have a diuretic effect. No adverse effects were seen but it may affect electrolytes and kidney function. Herrera-Arellano A, Miranda-Sánchez J, Avila-Castro P, Herrera-Alvarez S, Jiménez-Ferrer JE, Zamilpa A, Román-Ramos R, Ponce-Monter H, Tortoriello J. Clinical effects produced by a standardized herbal medicinal product of Hibiscus sabdariffa on patients with hypertension. A randomized, double-blind, lisinopril-controlled clinical trial. Planta Med. 2007 Jan;73(1):6-12. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-957065. PMID: 17315307. Herrera-Arellano A, Flores-Romero S, Chávez-Soto MA, Tortoriello J. Effectiveness and tolerability of a standardized extract from Hibiscus sabdariffa in patients with mild to moderate hypertension: a controlled and randomized clinical trial. Phytomedicine. 2004 Jul;11(5):375-82. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2004.04.001. PMID: 15330492. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/osteoporosis-vibration-plate-38xs4 monthly 0.5 2026-01-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1766262666419-0XP56SHWJFN24MXETJRU/unsplash-image-49WdIGYXOQQ.jpg Blog - Vibration Therapy Can Reduce Falls & May Improve Bone Density in Postmenopausal Women - A 2010 study showed that postmenopausal women undergoing whole body vibration (WBV) at 25-35 Hz twice weekly, in addition to an exercise program, had fewer falls over an 18 month period compared to the control group. Postmenopausal women undergoing an exercise program without WBV did not have significantly fewer falls. Lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) increased with the exercise program and exercise plus WBV compared to controls; another study showed an increase in lumbar BMD with WBV alone. Hip BMD did not change significantly. A similar trial also showed a reduction in falls with WBV only over 18 months. Women already diagnosed with osteopenia did not show any change in BMD with WBV after 15 months in a separate trial. von Stengel S, Kemmler W, Engelke K, Kalender WA. Effects of whole body vibration on bone mineral density and falls: results of the randomized controlled ELVIS study with postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 2011 Jan;22(1):317-25. doi: 10.1007/s00198-010-1215-4. Epub 2010 Mar 20. PMID: 20306017. Leung KS, Li CY, Tse YK, Choy TK, Leung PC, Hung VW, Chan SY, Leung AH, Cheung WH. Effects of 18-month low-magnitude high-frequency vibration on fall rate and fracture risks in 710 community elderly--a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Osteoporos Int. 2014 Jun;25(6):1785-95. doi: 10.1007/s00198-014-2693-6. Epub 2014 Mar 28. PMID: 24676848. Kienberger Y, Sassmann R, Rieder F, Johansson T, Kässmann H, Pirich C, Wicker A, Niebauer J. Effects of whole body vibration in postmenopausal osteopenic women on bone mineral density, muscle strength, postural control and quality of life: the T-bone randomized trial. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2022 Nov;122(11):2331-2342. doi: 10.1007/s00421-022-05010-5. Epub 2022 Jul 21. PMID: 35864343; PMCID: PMC9560973. Lai CL, Tseng SY, Chen CN, Liao WC, Wang CH, Lee MC, Hsu PS. Effect of 6 months of whole body vibration on lumbar spine bone density in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Interv Aging. 2013;8:1603-9. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S53591. Epub 2013 Dec 4. Erratum in: Clin Interv Aging. 2014;9:945. PMID: 24348029; PMCID: PMC3857009. Jepsen DB, Thomsen K, Hansen S, Jørgensen NR, Masud T, Ryg J. Effect of whole-body vibration exercise in preventing falls and fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2017 Dec 29;7(12):e018342. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018342. PMID: 29289937; PMCID: PMC6027066. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/hawthorn-for-congestive-heart-failure monthly 0.5 2025-12-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1766171098541-DB5L9J38UHBYOE9J511Y/unsplash-image-hwi3Xs0h8eY.jpg Blog - Hawthorn for Heart Failure - A 2008 study showed that 900mg daily of Hawthorn extract (from the flowers and leaves) can significantly decrease sudden cardiac deaths by 39.7% (in heart failure patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction of 25%-35%) vs placebo over 2 years when used in addition to standard medical treatment. In these patients, cardiac mortality (heart attack, heart failure progression and sudden cardiac death) decreased by 20% compared to placebo but this was not statistically significant. Adverse events were similar, in number and in type, to placebo. Hawthorn extract is thought to increase muscle contractility of the heart and may have an anti-arrhythmic effect. Other studies have shown improved exercise capacity with Hawthorn extract; there is mixed evidence regarding its effect on heart failure symptoms. Hawthorn may cause stomach discomfort or other adverse effects. Holubarsch CJ, Colucci WS, Meinertz T, Gaus W, Tendera M; Survival and Prognosis: Investigation of Crataegus Extract WS 1442 in CHF (SPICE) trial study group. The efficacy and safety of Crataegus extract WS 1442 in patients with heart failure: the SPICE trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2008 Dec;10(12):1255-63. doi: 10.1016/j.ejheart.2008.10.004. Epub 2008 Nov 18. PMID: 19019730. Tauchert M. Efficacy and safety of crataegus extract WS 1442 in comparison with placebo in patients with chronic stable New York Heart Association class-III heart failure. Am Heart J. 2002 May;143(5):910-5. doi: 10.1067/mhj.2002.121463. PMID: 12040357. Zick SM, Gillespie B, Aaronson KD. The effect of Crataegus oxycantha Special Extract WS 1442 on clinical progression in patients with mild to moderate symptoms of heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail. 2008 Jun;10(6):587-93. doi: 10.1016/j.ejheart.2008.04.008. Epub 2008 May 19. PMID: 18490196; PMCID: PMC2577845. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/niacin-can-lower-risk-for-skin-cancer monthly 0.5 2026-01-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1766162229823-G2A6U6DDYI1254V2VY7A/unsplash-image-pZ1dqmLbAoQ.jpg Blog - Nicotinamide (Niacinamide) Can Lower Risk for Skin Cancer - A 2015 study published in the New England Journal of Medicine showed that taking 500mg of nicotinamide (niacinamide; a form of vitamin B3) twice daily resulted in 23% fewer nonmelanoma skin cancers (basal and squamous cell cancers) after 1 year compared to placebo. Nicotinamide also reduced precancers (actinic keratoses) by 13% at 1 year compared to placebo. At high doses (3,000mg per day or more), nicotinamide can cause stomach discomfort, diarrhea, nausea and possibly liver damage. Chen AC, Martin AJ, Choy B, Fernández-Peñas P, Dalziell RA, McKenzie CA, Scolyer RA, Dhillon HM, Vardy JL, Kricker A, St George G, Chinniah N, Halliday GM, Damian DL. A Phase 3 Randomized Trial of Nicotinamide for Skin-Cancer Chemoprevention. N Engl J Med. 2015 Oct 22;373(17):1618-26. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1506197. PMID: 26488693. Institute of Medicine. Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary Reference Intakes: Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1998. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/myrrh-for-ulcerative-colitis-and-oral-ulcers monthly 0.5 2025-12-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1766094955598-3KNBTX0WGJEG0W9N4IZR/unsplash-image-0YJGh9yOfTg.jpg Blog - Myrrh for Ulcerative Colitis and Leaky Gut - A 2013 study showed that an herbal preparation of myrrh, chamomile and coffee charcoal was similarly effective at maintaining remission in people with ulcerative colitis as compared to a commonly prescribed medication (mesalamine) over the course of one year duration. A recent in vitro study showed that myrrh may help restore the intestinal barrier when damaged by inflammation (leaky gut). Prolonged use at high doses may be harmful for wound healing and have other adverse effects. Langhorst J, Varnhagen I, Schneider SB, Albrecht U, Rueffer A, Stange R, Michalsen A, Dobos GJ. Randomised clinical trial: a herbal preparation of myrrh, chamomile and coffee charcoal compared with mesalazine in maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis--a double-blind, double-dummy study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013 Sep;38(5):490-500. doi: 10.1111/apt.12397. Epub 2013 Jul 4. PMID: 23826890. Hader H, Hering NA, Schulzke JD, Bücker R, Rosenthal R. Myrrh protects against IL-13-induced epithelial barrier breakdown in HT-29/B6 cells. Front Pharmacol. 2023 Nov 17;14:1301800. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1301800. PMID: 38044939; PMCID: PMC10691275. Al Amri FS. Myrrh sitz bath for wound healing after hemorrhoidectomy: A retrospective study of adverse effects and treatment outcomes. Health Sci Rep. 2024 Jun 12;7(6):e2192. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.2192. PMID: 38868538; PMCID: PMC11168280. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/probiotic-for-type-2-diabetes monthly 0.5 2025-12-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1766094443298-UCIQ5UAVOQPVR5J64CT6/unsplash-image-OhCiWCwiBkE.jpg Blog - Probiotics for Type 2 Diabetes - A study published in the British Medical Journal in 2020 showed a significant improvement in postprandial (after meal) glucose control in type 2 diabetics who took a probiotic containing the microbes Akkermansia muciniphila, Anaerobutyricum hallii, Clostridium beijerinckii, Clostridium butyricum, and Bifidobacterium infantis. The mean A1c or 3 month average glucose decreased by 0.6% over 12 weeks compared to placebo. Transient mild nausea and diarrhea occurred during the initial 3–5 days of use. Perraudeau F, McMurdie P, Bullard J, Cheng A, Cutcliffe C, Deo A, et al. Improvements to postprandial glucose control in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a multicenter, double blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial of a novel probiotic formulation. BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care. 2020;8:e001319. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001319 https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/pycnogenol-for-tinnitus-ringing-in-the-ears monthly 0.5 2025-12-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1766094884183-UOG25EN6XK7YD1QHA7D2/unsplash-image-dziNBopDU34.jpg Blog - Pycnogenol for Ear Ringing (Tinnitus), Hearing Loss & ADHD - A 2014 study showed that Pycnogenol improved symptoms of vertigo (the room spinning around you), tinnitus (ear ringing), and hearing loss in people with inner ear issues. Pycnogenol is an extract of pine bark grown in a specific region of France. More people noticed improvement at 6 months than at 3 months vs placebo. Pycnogenol is thought to work by improving blood flow to the inner ear and it may be anti-inflammatory. Studies have also shown that Pycnogenol may reduce symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity in children with ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). Side effects can include stomach discomfort, headache, nausea, and dizziness. It’s important to note that vertigo is most commonly caused by misalignment of the crystals (otoconia) in the inner ear. This condition is called BPPV (benign paroxysmal positional vertigo) and can often be treated with a series of head movements called the Epley maneuver. Luzzi R, Belcaro G, Hu S, Dugall M, Hosoi M, Cacchio M, Ippolito E, Corsi M. Improvement in symptoms and cochlear flow with pycnogenol in patients with Meniere's disease and tinnitus. Minerva Med. 2014 Jun;105(3):245-54. PMID: 24988090. Anne-Sophie Weyns, Annelies A.J. Verlaet, Annelies Breynaert, Tania Naessens, et al. Clinical Investigation of French Maritime Pine Bark Extract on Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder as compared to Methylphenidate and Placebo: Part 1: Efficacy in a Randomised Trial, Journal of Functional Foods, Volume 97, 2022, 105246, ISSN 1756-4646, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2022.105246. Weichmann F, Rohdewald P. Pycnogenol® French maritime pine bark extract in randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled human clinical studies. Front Nutr. 2024 May 2;11:1389374. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1389374. PMID: 38757130; PMCID: PMC11096518. https://www.bocadirectmd.com/blog/horse-chestnut-seed-extract-for-venous-insufficiency monthly 0.5 2026-01-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/68be0fd887cf576a2331296b/1766094637837-9T8ZTG7SPDKAHN4Q07RY/unsplash-image-MTLc5FppArQ.jpg Blog - Horse Chestnut Seed Extract for Venous Insufficiency (Varicose Veins / Spider Veins) - About 30 years ago, a major medical journal The Lancet published a clinical trial showing significant reduction in lower leg swelling with horse chestnut seed extract (HCSE) vs placebo. The reduction in leg swelling with HCSE was similar to that seen in patients wearing compression stockings. Subsequent studies have also shown an improvement in leg pain and itching with HCSE. It is thought that HCSE decreases the leakage of fluid out of veins by helping seal the vein walls. There are other supplements and herbs that can help as well. Many of them can cause some stomach discomfort among other possible side effects. Diehm C, Trampisch HJ, Lange S, Schmidt C. Comparison of leg compression stocking and oral horse-chestnut seed extract therapy in patients with chronic venous insufficiency. Lancet. 1996 Feb 3;347(8997):292-4. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(96)90467-5. 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